The goal of this study was to describe fraction-calculation errors among fourth-grade students and to determine whether error patterns differed as a function of problem type (addition vs. subtraction; like vs. unlike denominators), orientation (horizontal vs. vertical), or mathematics-achievement status (low-, average-, or high-achieving). We…

Achievement test is a mechanism to measure student's knowledge and abilities. Numerous categories of achievement tests have been developed by different scholars and psychologists. Since they do not directly consider curriculum adopted during the course of study of students, they do not reflect truly upon the achievements of students. We propose an…

In large-scale international assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), or the Progress in International Reading Study (PISA), research has struggled to find positive associations between the frequency of educational technology use in schools and…

This research responds to the call by early childhood educators advocating for more challenging mathematics curriculum at the primary level. The kindergarten Project M[superscript 2] units focus on challenging geometry and measurement concepts by positioning students as practicing mathematicians. The research reported herein highlights the…

Game-based learning comprises of a set of concrete scenarios, which can be presented with various presentation modalities (e.g., text, text with graphic, and context). Such presentation modalities disseminate information in different ways. On the other hand, cognitive styles affect how people process information. Accordingly, the study presented…

In this study, the predictive roles of intrinsic and instrumental motivations, science self-efficacy on success in the lower and upper quartiles of score distribution are analyzed in scientific domain of PISA 2015 Turkey sample. Since their index values cannot be calculated due to missing values, some students are excluded from the sample and the…

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) assessment is a new academic research field with a number of educational implications. In 2015, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assessed CPS with a computer-simulated human-agent (H-A) approach that claimed to measure 12 individual CPS skills for the first time. After reviewing the…

In light of disappointing scores on the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), Arabic-speaking countries have begun to reexamine, and in some case reform, how they teach reading in the early grades. Egypt was one of the first countries to initiate early-grade reading reforms in 2010.…

The goal of the present study was to describe fraction-calculation errors among 4th-grade students and determine whether error patterns differed as a function of problem type (addition vs. subtraction; like vs. unlike denominators), orientation (horizontal vs. vertical), or mathematics-achievement status (low- vs. average- vs. high-achieving). We…

In this paper, we undertake a content analysis of mathematics assessment tasks to understand how often graphical representations are embedded within high-stakes national and international tests. A total of 274 items were analysed, consisting of 160 Grade 9 UN items, 88 Grade 8 TIMSS items, and 26 PISA items. Analysis showed that all items in the…

While prior research has examined relationships between grades and test scores (e.g., Brennan, Kim, Wenz-Gross & Siperstein, 2001; Ross & Kostuch, 2011), this study examined the influence of students' gender on the relationship between grades, what teacher "expected" students to score on end-of-grade or end-of-course (EOG/EOC)…

The Houston Independent School District offers two different English as a Second Language (ESL) programs for students whose native language is not English and who need to develop and enhance their English language skills (English Language Learners, or ELLs). The Content-Based ESL model (CB-ESL) consists of an intensive program of English…

Patterns of gender disparities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are seen at various stages, from early education to secondary school through college and into the workforce. These disparities have often been documented in national and international large-scale school assessments and in labor force studies. This…

This study examined the characteristics of male high school English learners' motivation and the relations between their motivation and achievement in English learning. A total of 334 Grade 10 students in a boys' high school participated in this study by completing a questionnaire survey on second language (L2) learning motivation and taking an…

The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of coding and observation manuals in classroom studies. While observation manuals have been a part of the methodological toolkit for measuring various aspects of instruction for decades, the field has also been suffering from "paradigm wars," fragmentation and local production of instruments.…