Validity is concerned with the clarification and justification of the intended interpretations and uses of observed scores. It has not been easy to formulate a general methodology set of principles for validation, but progress has been made, especially as the field has moved from relatively limited criterion-related models to sophisticated…

Goldman's conception of the relationship between tests and counseling based on his remarks in an article in volume 4 of this journal is rejected because of the surplus meaning in the marriage analogy. (Author)

The present report analyzed the scoring data from the original New York City Board of Education scoring guide (1941), and, in addition, a partial replication of the 1941 study is reported, as well as an analysis of scoring patterns among experienced and inexperienced examiners. Results indicate that examiners differ in their scoring of…

Because of the push for accountability, more and more districts are announcing student test scores to the public. (Author)

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised scores of a male delinquent sample were grouped by A. Bannatyne's classification of Wechsler's subtests, and these recategorized scores were compared with results of a previous study of learning disabled children. Findings failed to support a theory that learning disabled youth possess a unique…

Discusses the National Board for Certified Counselors' (NBCC) National Counselor Examination (NCE) which has become important in the counseling profession because of its critical role in NBCC's counselor certification process. Presents data from six previously administered minimum-criterion score forms of the NCE and discusses implications of…

Discusses knowledge needed by counselors to help in choosing appropriate tests for particular clients and problems under consideration and in properly interpreting test scores and integrating them into the total assessment process. Focuses on both statistical and technical knowledge about tests and substantive psychological knowledge about…

Provides tables of Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT) subtests and composite predicted-achievement standard scores based on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) Verbal and Performance intelligence quotients (IQs). Tables allow examiners to determine quickly ability-achievement discrepancies based on WISC-III…

Introduces relative mean substitution as an approach to the substitution of missing values in surveys with Likert-type scales. Compares the approach to three other methods for dealing with missing data for samples of 1,674, 400, and 100. Results indicate that the relative mean substitution approach produces the most accurate estimates. (SLD)

This article discusses Howard Gardner and his theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner became a hero among educators simply by redefining talents as "intelligences" in a theory first proposed in 1983. Since then, his theory has undergone incremental but not fundamental change, including the addition of one intelligence (bringing the…

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) requires responding to category contrasts such as young versus old, male versus female, and pleasant versus unpleasant. In introducing the IAT, A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, and J. L. K. Schwartz (1998) proposed that IAT measures reflect mental structures involving the nominal features of the IAT's categories…

This article reports on a new study which concludes that teachers entering the profession today have higher academic qualifications than their counterparts a decade ago. The report, released this week by the Educational Testing Service, says the finding bodes well for greater student learning because of the evidence that teachers' academic ability…

Counseling psychologists face many approaches from which to choose when they conduct a qualitative research study. This article focuses on the processes of selecting, contrasting, and implementing five different qualitative approaches. Based on an extended example related to test interpretation by counselors, clients, and communities, this article…

The theory of score validity has undergone several revisions within the measurement community. The current consensus among professionals is a rejection of the trinitarian doctrine (J. P. Guion, 1980) of score validity and the recognition of a unified view that includes social consequences of test interpretation and use. While some aspects of the…

The types of test score interpretive information considered useful to failing examinees were studied through interviews with Educational Testing Service (ETS) staff members. Research literature on interpretive information for failing test takers was reviewed, and procedures currently used at ETS were determined. Managers of 23 testing programs…