The process typically employed by testing services in developing professional tests for national use is described: (1) determination of professional standards; (2) development of test specifications; (3) test construction; (4) test registration and administration; and (5) scoring, analysis, and reporting. To determine professional standards, input…

A study was designed to investigate forms of human internal knowledge organization that facilitate the recall of information or its use for complex problem solving tasks. Three experiments, using college and high school physics students, were performed. The effects were studied by: (1) formulating explicit models of organization; (2) using…

This document summarizes a survey of the recent history, economy, and future prospects for the Great Lakes region which includes Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. The two major components of the survey are concerned with an analysis of the region's problems and needs and with an economic and demographic analysis of the…

The utility and precision of scaling 200 relatively short reading passages were analyzed using a Rasch-based measurement technique as compared to readability estimates using the Spache or Dale-Chall formulas. In addition, a regression model was specified for predicting the grade level of a text a student could literally comprehend based on…

This paper examines the publication of reports of library research progress in the Federal Republic of Germany and proposes problems of research publication that should be considered by the International Federation of Library Associations. Within Germany, four agencies, the German Library Association, the German Research Association, the German…

Using the constructs of Rogers, Ellis, and Barrett-Lennard, a twenty-five item Likert-type instrument, the Non-Directive Supervisory Behavior Scale, was developed to measure directive vs. non-directive supervisory behavior. One hundred ninety-five in-service teachers, randomly selected from two school districts, completed the twenty-five item…

This study examined similarities and differences between blacks' and whites' responses to rarely endorsed Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) items, as well as those items responded to most differently by the ethnic groups. Our subjects, 882 normal black middle-class adults from Alabama, Michigan and North Carolina, were compared to…

Described in this paper is the educational background and schooling experienced by Haitian immigrant children who are presently enrolled in the New York school system. Different types of schools in Haiti (urban, rural, private, public, elementary and secondary), and the functions of these schools in Haitian society are examined. Other topics…

In compliance with legislative authority, the National Advisory Council on Vocational Education approved a two-year study of the United States Bureau of Occupational and Adult Education (BOAE). The study was to be conducted in two phases. Phase I (reported here) sought out current problems in the administration and operation of vocational…

An approach to evaluating the appropriateness of student effort within a mastery instructional system was developed, and the interrelationship of achievement motivation, effort and achievement was investigated. In support of a prominent theory of classroom learning, appropriate effort was strongly correlated with student achievement even when…

The influence of student personality on the effects of the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) was examined. Three testing systems (midterm and final exams; bimonthly tests; and PSI) were examined along with three personality dimensions (internal-external locus of control, need for achievement, and need for autonomy). There were no…

In 1975-76, 26 institutionally administered tests gave students at the University of Texas at Austin the chance to earn credits for 52 lower division courses in 15 departments: anthropology, biology, chemistry, communication, English, French, German, government, history, Latin, mathematics, physics, psychology, Russian, and Spanish. Results were…

A content analysis of college students' essays on their plans for the future revealed sex differences in both content and structure. Essays were coded for the presence or absence, and the order, of career and marriage/family plans. In addition, the certainty of the plans was inferred from the use of contingency and probability qualifiers. The 110…

Adolescent parenthood was investigated based on a large panel study known as the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS) which has tracked over 22,000 adolescents who are now in their early 20's and have experienced many of the near-term consequences of early parenthood. Procedures for creating variables that mark entry…

The theoretical framework for investigating human planning behavior and the procedures, results, and implications of two experiments involving planning in the domain of software design are presented in this report. A plan is defined as a hierarchical structure that underlies the solution to a problem; planning is the process of constructing this…