The focus of this paper is the subject matter preparation of teachers: what subject matter preparation entails, where and when it occurs, and with what outcomes. Since research on teachers' learning of subject matter is a relatively new domain of inquiry in teacher education, the literature is scant. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to…

A discussion of the field of contrastive linguistics (CL) begins by defining the relationship between theoretical and applied CL in terms of the concept of finalization, which originated in the philosophy of science. Then, the historical development of CL in the United States and Europe is sketched. This development is seen as characterized by a…

A discussion of the field of clinical linguistics outlines the scope of the discipline, notes its relationship to other speech- and language-related fields, and describes the components of an undergraduate program for individuals in a linguistically relevant clinical field. It suggests general linguistics curriculum components for clinical…

Discipline is generally recognized as among the more important determinants of faculty salary. Discipline differences in faculty salary are normally accepted at face value, assumed to be the result of market forces. (The same assumption is commonly made about wage differences among occupations.) This paper reports on findings from an analysis of…

In this monograph, Georgia's certificates for school personnel are analyzed by "type" and by "field," and the reasons for the development of new certificates are discussed. In the first section, a comparison is presented of types and fields of certification in each of the United States. "Type" of certification refers…

This study at a medium-sized academic library was based on the assumption that usage of the pamphlet collection could be increased by weeding to create a smaller more accessible collection, reorganization to create a more browsable collection, and promotion to increase reference librarians' awareness of the collection's contents. Approximately…

Information on research efforts concerning higher education in Sweden is presented. The development of the research program has involved a shift of emphasis among four major problem areas (the role of higher education in society, the organization of higher education, the educational function, and the research function). While in the early 1970s…

With the goal of improving the reliability and validity of tests of English as a foreign language, in particular with respect to the question of whether to allow notetaking on EFL/ESL computer-based listening comprehension tests, the present study examined the effects on ESL listening comprehension of notetaking (allowed or disallowed) in relation…

In order to analyze the productivity of 11 De Anza College extended campus "school sites" (elementary, junior and senior high schools), course offerings, enrollments, class size, and course cancellation data for each site were reviewed. Seventh week enrollments and seven quarters of offerings by the humanities, behavioral science,…

Educational administration as a field of study is inextricably tied to American-developed conceptual frameworks, even when educational administration is pursued as a domain of inquiry in other countries, such as Canada. As an applied discipline, however, educational administration reflects the particular cultural configuration in which it is…

Argues that the crisis of the American social order and the crisis of American intellectual life, taken together, pose a most precise challenge to Black intellectuals in America. Black intellectuals, it is argued, have lost their way because they have tended to substitute their reality for the world's and because they have become estranged from…

The question of whether criminology and criminal justice are distinct fields is addressed in two papers. Differences between criminology and criminal justice are delineated by emphasizing formal definitions of the field(s), occupational roles, contemporary educational trends, and future development. According to John P. Conrad, criminology is the…

Compared to the United States labor force as a whole, blacks are overrepresented in social service careers and underrepresented in technical and executive careers. This study examined the possibility that the psychosocial environment provided by black colleges may help to cause or perpetuate the distribution of blacks among careers. The faculties…

The manner in which hermeneutics (the study of the interpretive process) has treated the phenomenon of interpretation is examined in this paper. Following a historical review of hermeneutics from its Hellenic roots through the phase of traditional hermeneutics to the major reformulation of the field by Friedrich Schleiermacher and Wilhelm Dilthey…