Many outdoor educators and adventure therapists share the belief that adventure experiences improve participant self-esteem. Recently, researchers have begun to question this widespread belief, suggesting that a mismatch between the level of physical or psychological risk and the level of client readiness may produce negative outcomes. A study of…

This guide addresses how to make small-group time with young children a meaningful, active, and engaging learning experience for both children and adults. The guide's introductory chapter outlines guiding principles for successful small groups, discusses the mechanical aspects of small-group times, explains how adults find and develop ideas for…

School board members' perceptions of the socialization process involved in the learning and development of their roles are described in this report. Methodology involved indepth interviews with 28 school board members from two rural and three suburban public school districts in Pennsylvania and New York, document analysis, and observation.…

This paper addresses the issue of improving student retention and quality of life on campus through the application of principles expressed by Sabre (1980) involving community development. Sabre's ethical principle of nurturing the capacity for mutual persuasion is discussed as a central vision and purpose for organizing and guiding community…

This paper identifies the bases and rationale for the concept of cooperative learning; describes the dynamics of the cooperative learning approach; and proposes methods that college faculty can use to enhance student motivation and learning. Cooperative learning is defined and is reported to have positive effects on student achievement, human…

In an age of increasing emphasis on accountabiltiy and evaluation of clinical practice, professionals are questioning and examining varying processes of self evaluation. This paper describes the clinical peer group model as an evaluative process which offers its members an opportunity to receive evaluative feedback and emotional support about…

Evaluating university residence hall environments at the beginning of the academic year can be valuable for determining environmental strengths and weaknesses and for making appropriate changes to enhance the environment. To evaluate the residence hall environment at Indiana University at Bloomington, a sample of students living in residence halls…

This paper explores children's contributions to the functioning of kindergarten classrooms, arguing that the child's perspective on educational experiences is a valuable source for understanding that experience. Although children are seldom consulted about their experiences, they can provide information about the congruence between the teacher's…

Based on Piaget's theory, this book discusses the educational value of group games for the young child's social and intellectual development, suggesting ways to select or modify both new and familiar games to make them more appropriate for children's learning. Part 1 of the book provides a theoretical introduction to what is meant by good group…

Henri Tajfel's theory on intergroup relations is used as a model for thinking about men and women on a group level and discussing the differences between intergroup and interpersonal behavior to integrate the study of the individual within the larger social system. Strategies are described to help women challenge the imbalance of power between the…

The residence hall environment at Indiana University is evaluated annually by an ecosystems method of evaluation which permits students to identify problems and provide recommendations for change. In the Fall of 1980 a sample of undergraduates (N=732) living in residence halls responded to a series of statements about life in the residence halls.…

This module is designed to facilitate communication among students and between students and teachers by conducting selected classroom exercises which will increase pupils' understanding of communication processes and improve their communication with each other. The module consists of a pretest, posttest, and four exercises entitled: Introductions,…

In many areas of higher education there is a growing trend away from the traditional demonstration-lecture-discussion format of instruction toward a participative, experiential approach to teaching. This is particularly evident in the field of psychology. In conducting an undergraduate course in the psychology of personal adjustment, if one views…

The philosophical and practical aspects of the retarded citizen's need for a home in the community are discussed in 14 author contributed chapters dealing with people and communities, rights and independence, home and community, services and communities, and action and advocacy. Chapters cover the following topics: "Community Life and Individual…

It was hypothesized that increases in the amount and specificity of information furnished to a discussion group would facilitate group decision making and improve other aspects of group and individual performance. Procedures in testing these assumptions included varying the amounts of statistics, examples, testimony, and augmented information…