An analysis of implementation of educational change distinguishes between three kinds of processes: mutual adaptation, cooptation, and nonimplementation. Mutual adaptation was defined as the process in which implementation was successful, and in which significant changes in participant attitudes, skills and behavior occurred. Implementation was…

This paper presents an overview of research on academic tasks in the classroom and describes some of the themes that are emerging from studies in this area. The concept of "academic task" is defined along with problems associated with using this theoretical construct in classroom research. Three conceptions of how content should be represented to…

This paper defines a strategic site for research in classroom management, namely, the tension between management and curriculum. Programs of action in classrooms are defined both by the rules for social participation and the demands of academic work. Academic work is directly involved in the process of achieving classroom order, and can be shaped…

There are two dominant approaches to understanding human memory, one in the tradition of Ebbinghaus, the other in the tradition of Bartlett. The former approach views learning as the formation of associations, while the latter views memory as the process of reconstruction of fragments based on prior knowledge. These positions are often considered…

Videodiscs have much to offer in developing the school curriculum, but teachers must use definite criteria in planning teaching-learning situations that will enable students to achieve on an individual basis. Thus, students should find meaning, interest, purpose, provision for individual differences, and a balance among objectives in their…

A constant interaction and interdependence exists between ecological and social systems. This paper recommends that teachers: (1) first focus students' attention on their cultural, natural, and social surroundings; (2) teach students the relationship between the school's and the community's social environments; (3) utilize community resources…

This guide provides a detailed summary of the information, techniques, and examples offered in an audiotape developed to help students teach themselves physical skills. After section I introduces the topic and the objectives of the tape, section II provides concrete examples of adults learning motor skills. Section III presents and discusses nine…

This guide provides an outline of the information and techniques covered on an audiotape developed to help students lower their test anxiety. First, a rationale for the development of the test anxiety materials is provided and the use of these materials at Lane Community College is discussed. Next, a detailed outline of the material is provided,…

In an effort to determine whether the metacognitive strategy of self-questioning enhances lecture comprehension, 56 Honors Program ninth graders in two sections of a freshman honors world history course were assigned to four conditions. Subjects: (1) were trained to pose questions for themselves during classroom lectures and to use their questions…

A study examined the effects of training in a self-generated learning strategy on students' ability to comprehend text and self-monitor their understanding while engaging in strategic text processing. The study also explored the extent to which grade level and passage difficulty interacted with training to produce treatment effects. Subjects, 36…

A three-part study compared similarity-based learning (in which concepts are formed based on similarity among multiple examples) and explanation-based learning (in which general schema are acquired from a single example) in schema acquisition. Subjects, 16 undergraduates enrolled in introductory psychology courses at the University of Illinois and…

Seven memory strategies that can be taught to college students with learning disabilities or students who have not learned essential study skills are described: the method of loci, pegwords, keywords, rote rehearsal, chaining, clustering, and first letter mnemonics. To help college faculty provide direct instruction in the memory strategies, the…

A case study testing the hypothesis that poor learning performance may be the result of a poor match between assigned material and student ability involved the use of the Interactive Model (Stetson, 1981). A 10-year-old fifth-grader with reading problems was studied in terms of intelligence, language skills, and instructional materials used in…

An illustration of the cognitive theory of inquiry teaching is presented in this paper in a tutorial dialogue on the nature of lenses. After a description of the goals of the method, the paper discusses the following ten general strategies inquiry teachers use to accomplish the goals: (1) selecting positive and negative exemplars, (2) varying…

This manual aims to help both teachers and family members maintain a coordinated program of educational principles and techniques to teach self-help skills to young Down Syndrome children both at school and at home. Section I focuses on general teaching techniques and strategies that can be used to teach many different skills, such as task…