The major purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative efficacy of two methods of teaching reading in a college learning-improvement project. Seventy students from undergraduate psychology classes were divided into two instructional groups and one control group. It was hypothesized that subjects receiving modified paperback scanning…

This conference report contains the following papers: "Ability versus Knowledge in Testing Educational Achievement" and "Knowledge vs. Ability in Achievement Testing," by Robert L. Ebel; "A Four-Domain Taxonomy for Classifying Educational Tasks and Objectives," by Bruce W. Tuckman; "On the Social Psychology of the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Further…

The evaluation of a reading teacher's effectiveness can best be achieved through the analysis of the process whereby the teacher develops interest and skills in the student. In determining the development of skills, the danger for researchers lies in assuming that achievement at the appropriate grade level is commensurate with achievement to the…

The effect of teacher expectations on first graders' reading-achievement levels was the focus of this investigation. An original instrument was devised to measure the degree to which teachers believed that certain factors influence reading achievement. Thirty-two teachers were divided into two groups: sixteen teachers who frequently agreed with…

This study investigated whether summer vacation accounts for more of the reading achievement gap between minority and non-minority children than does the school year. To test for the summer effect, the reading subtests of the Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills were administered to approximately 1,200 fifth-grade children in 15 public schools in…

This study describes certain characteristics of early readers, with emphasis on their accomplishments on eight Piagetian tasks. The early readers were defined as those children who were between four and six years old, who could read at the pre-primer level or higher, and who had not attended elementary school. The population of the study consisted…

School characteristics associated with reading achievement and characteristics of low achievers in reading are examined in separate articles in this report. The first article begins with a review of the literature on school effects, arguing that there are school variables that show consistent associations with achievement, when the structure and…

This study was designed to ascertain whether reading achievement and attitude toward reading of students in grades two, four, and six can be improved through implementation of a token system within regular reading programs. Two schools were assigned to the experimental and two to the control treatment, with an equal number of classrooms from the…

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I projects operated in the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Phoenix Area, during fiscal year 1975 are summarized on a grade by grade-school by school basis. Data, presented in chart and graph form, cover: the BIA's organization; student enrollment in the Phoenix Area; expenditures by school; student…

A composite summary of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I projects operated in the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Phoenix Area, during fiscal year 1975 is given on an area-wide basis. Data, presented by charts and graphs, cover: the BIA's organization; student enrollment in the Phoenix Area schools by agency and school;…

In conjunction with a national evaluation of the Emergency School Aid Act, an indepth analysis of 24 selected elementary schools was conducted. Data for the study were collected in 1974-75 through observation of classroom behavior, through interviews with school principals, and through self-administered questionnaires completed by the teachers and…

During 1967 and 1968, TEMPO, a Research affiliate of The General Electric Company, evaluated federal assistance to local school districts to use for compensatory education authorized by 1965 Elementary Secondary Education Act Title I. The specific research questions were straight-forward: (1) Has statistically significant enhancement of pupil…

This paper addresses the question, How can the teacher become an instructional manager, turning informal feedback into pupil progress? Particular attention is given to ways teachers may use test data to help them plan lessons for the students. A number of suggestions for improving students' reading skills are also provided. (RB)

This report discusses the development of procedures for establishing teacher estimates of minimal acceptable, desired, and predicted levels of student performance on specific reading items and across reading skill areas. Statewide estimates were obtained by collecting and averaging item estimates from samples of teachers throughout the state, and…

This study sought to test by the validation process the finding that there is a different relationship between associative learning ability and IQ in middle- and low-socioeconomic groups as reported by Jensen and others. The study was conducted to ascertain need for revision of testing programs and curricular materials used with disadvantaged…