The Program for Educational Opportunity, an institute based at the University of Michigan and established by the Office of Education pursuant to Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, is designed to assist school districts in the process of desegregation. The Program annually conducts a series of conferences. The Conference on Developments in…

On March 17, 1972, President Nixon submitted two bills to Congress designed to deal with the increasingly troublesome issue of court-ordered busing of school children for the purpose of desegregating public schools. The first of these measures is the "Student Transportation Moratorium Act of 1972," which would freeze such court-ordered…

A methodology for busing to achieve school desegregation is described. Two different approaches are proposed: a student interracial contact score and a quota method. Travel time and number of children bused are proxies for busing costs. Useful data include travel time, school capacity, and student residences for each region and level of school. A…

A brief history of the integration efforts of the school and the resulting interracial conflict is presented. From this background evolved the cross-cultural groups which are the focus of this paper. Essentially, discussion was used for exploring the issues which were identified as impediments to good relationships within the school; (1) too few…

This article focuses upon Federal law in relation to school desegregation. The groundwork for many of the relatively recent legal developments in Northern school desegregation law had been laid more than a decade ago. Because the Southern cases were absorbing black organizational resources and preoccupying the federal authorities, and because…

This presentation by James S. Coleman examines several questions: Does desegregation bring about loss of whites from schools in a desegregated system? If so, what is the extent of that loss? And what are the conditions, in the demography and ecology of the system, as well as in the form of the desegregation policy, which affect the extent of that…

In the largest district initially placed under court-ordered faculty desegregation. The influences of teacher turnover, experience, and racial isolation on elementary school student achievement in predominantly minority schools were examined. Findings suggest that poorly planned desegregation policies can have undesirable consequences, especially…

This description of the accomplishments and shortcomings of one school desegregation plan provides insights into much broader dialogue on the role of race in America. St. Louis (Missouri) and its suburbs demographically resemble many midsized contemporary metropolitan areas in the United States. What makes St. Louis unique is an urban-suburban…

This research study consisted of a three-tiered investigation, examining the roles of the local, state, and federal governments in bringing about the end of the dual system of education in South Carolina from 1964 to 1974. The study's purpose was twofold: (1) to detail the events leading up to and surrounding the desegregation of a county's school…

The success of the mandated school desegregation efforts of the Jefferson County (Kentucky) public schools demonstrates the potential of a countywide interdistrict plan relying largely on coercive desegregation techniques. The example contradicts the common assumption that mandated plans result in significant white enrollment losses. (SLD)

Explores the reasons for the persistence of and intense interest in the United States' oldest large-scale transfer of inner-city students to suburban high schools, that of Boston (Massachusetts). This voluntary desegregation program continues to thrive because it offers educational quality without producing a racial struggle for access to…

Observes that interracial contact is a primary goal of school desegregation policies. Demonstrates that reallocation of students among schools may reduce opportunities for interracial contact by focusing on weak social ties as one important type of contact. Considers policy implications for schools and theoretical implication for understanding…

The number of African American teachers and principals in the nation's schools has declined precipitously since the legal decision rendered in "Brown v. Board of Education." In this article I explore the historical and contemporary reasons for the decline in the numbers of African American educators in U.S. public schools and relate the…

This article reports on a section of the results of a South African-Netherlands Research Foundation Programme on Alternatives Development (SANPAD) project that was undertaken at Edgewood College of Education and three primary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The project covered a ten-year period and investigated the response of a previously…

A primary social dilemma today is that current strategies have led to the perception that affirmative action favors some population groups at the expense of others, that in a sense it uses one form of discrimination to combat another. It is essential to reconsider affirmative action strategies to implement those that are most appropriate for today…