Examined changes in prosocial moral reasoning and gender differences in prosocial reasoning over 15 years. Found that hedonistic reasoning declined and then increased somewhat; needs-oriented and stereotypic reasoning increased and then declined with age. Direct reciprocity and approval reasoning showed no decline into early adulthood, contrary to…

Found that early adolescents use various models to make moral decisions. These include care (wishing others not to suffer), justice (decisions made according to principles), and narrowly concerned or selfish. Males and females used all three modes, with males being more likely to choose the narrowly concerned mode. (RJM)

Overviews the philosophy and theory of camp experiences and discusses the special benefits of camps, including experiences that can lead to significant life-changing outcomes, sound educational goals, a sense of psychological and physical safety, and helping children to deal with social problems such as the degradation of the environment and human…

The sexual victimization experiences of 677 college women were correlated with child and adolescent victimization, family and psychological adjustment, alcohol use, interpersonal functioning, and sexual behavior. Analyses indicated that the chances of being victimized increased with greater severity of previous victimization. (SLD)

Examined the effects of mothers' conversations with their children on children's emergent literacy. Found a clear and fairly strong relationship between maternal conversation and children's literacy, especially for children's print concepts, vocabulary, and story comprehension skills. Children's early conversational participation showed a stronger…

This article on the integral nature of guidance and counseling among services provided to gifted students focuses on: curriculum modification to promote self-realization; use of parent education programs and group counseling; and discussion of gifted females, culturally diverse gifted children, and gifted children with disabilities. (Author/JDD)

Five case studies from the mid-1980s explore changes junior faculty experience as they interact with other faculty in departments and institutions. Findings suggest the interaction between the newcomer's view of social interdependence and that of the department governs those changes. Relationships between gender, socialization, and acculturation…

Psychosocial, psychosomatic, and psychodynamic factors were evaluated in 33 female psychiatric patients who had been victims of incest. Sexual abuse experiences in childhood were related to feelings of anxiety, helplessness, and powerlessness, which, with a lack of support from the mother, led to ego weakness, and an autoplastic model of coping…

Stresses need for model of career decision making that recognizes both normative and chance influences. Discusses role of chance on adult development, ways in which people attempt to understand impact of chance events, and influence of personal characteristics on coping with chance. Summarizes meaning of chance, effects on client decision making,…

Analysis of scholastic test information and scores on the Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral judgment for 122 eighth graders found a wide variation in DIT scores among high cognitive ability subjects, but no high scores among low ability subjects, suggesting that high cognitive ability is necessary but not sufficient for high moral judgment. (DB)

College administrators have the responsibility as leaders to actively promote development of character among college students and others. Emphasis should be placed on universal human dignity, generosity of self, intercultural understanding, and the value of learning. Educators should encourage others, by modeling, to work for the common good. (MSE)

Discusses importance of symbolic value in teaching. States that students will value something if they perceive the institution values it through a serious commitment of time and resources. Supports the Personal, Social, and Moral Education (PSME) programs in English schools. Focuses on the concept of citizenship by teaching critical thinking. (NL)

Applied Loganbill, Hardy, and Delworth's (1982) and Sanbury's (1982) propositions regarding supervision issues to 18 counseling psychology doctoral students. Rated critical incidents obtained after counselor-supervision and supervisor-supervision sessions on 10 supervisory issues. Results offered limited support for Sansbury's hierarchy of…

College teachers can help students rethink two stereotypes emerging in American literature classes--the self-destructive writer who must necessarily be addicted, and the beer-guzzling, wild-partying college student--through an examination of the impact of alcoholism on the author's life. A course on Tennessee Williams illustrates the approach.…

This article reviews data from a national survey of gifted children (n=329) to support the idea that the problems of gifted boys can be differentiated in terms of cultural conditioning, sexuality and success-orientation, and ego development. These issues are related to other findings from male studies. (Author/DB)