Several measures of effectance motivation were constructed; their validity was assessed by administering them to groups of subjects whose effectance motivation was assumed to differ: normal, noninstitutionalized retarded, and institutionalized children matched on mental age. (CS)

Same-subject experimental designs were employed to compare rates of voluntary regurgitation in two profoundly retarded lay-down patients (aged 6 and 11 years) when fed by a standard institutional and a special feeding method. (Author)

Describes an English course for seniors and the creative influence exerted by the prison environment upon its inmates. (RK)

Author describes the case of a parent with two handicapped children faced with the almost overwhelming forces which often work against parents and children who want the public schools to provide education for the disabled. (Author/CB)

Information is presented on the prevalence and incidence of mental retardation in the general population, on the process of institutionalization, and on recent temporal trends. (Author)

Data suggest an ability to use concrete-operational reasoning is not required for doing complex arithmetic, even though it may be necessary for learning these arithmetic skills. (Authors)

Compares the ages at which infants living under different conditions in two orphanges in Athens, Greece achieve levels of object construction and imitation, both verbal and gestural. Home-reared infants of the same age range were also examined using two of the Uzgiris-Hunt Ordinal Scales of Infant Psychological Development. (WY)

Twelve blind retarded adolescents residing in a public institution for the mentally retarded participated in a 12-week project that sought to develop and implement a program focusing on stimulus behavior and motivation. (CB)