This study compared orthoptic vision development and balance performance of nonhandicapped and learning disabled children between the ages of 10 and 13 years of age. Each subject was individually administered two orthoptic vision screening tests (Cover Test and Biopter), a dynamic balance test using a changing consistency board, and two static…

This study sought to empirically identify subtype and severity patterns prevalent among learning-disabled adults and apply this information to strategies that rehabilitation counselors could use to improve the probability of job success of their clients. Subjects (n=219) were administered standardized measures of intelligence, achievement, and…

During 1989 more than 23,000 parents and educators representing 429 California schools returned surveys as a part of a triennial evaluation of special education. The surveys addressed three purposes: (1) overall assessment of the California Resource Specialist programs (designed to serve learning disabled students with a combination of regular…

Someone who has a learning disability has difficulty in perceiving, understanding, and using information from the environment. This disability can cause problems in reading, listening, speaking, writing, spelling, or performing mathematics. Furthermore, learning disabilities may affect motor functioning, memory, and attention. Because a growing…

The experiment reported here investigated how verbalization of subtraction with regrouping operations influenced learning disabled students' self-efficacy and skillful performance, and also explored how effort attributional feedback affected these achievement behaviors. Learning disabled students (N=90) from grades 6 through 8 received training…

Ninety males (9-12 years old) with normal intelligence who were from 2-3 years behind expected placement in at least one academic subject participated in either experimental or traditional tutorial approaches for 1 hour weekly over 6 weeks. Experimental groups focused on academic remediation, desensitization of negative emotional reactions, and…

The paper reviews the history in the United States of spelling instruction, noting the multisensory approach advocated in Colonial times, the advent of the whole-word method in the 1840's, and more recent controversies, such as the one engendered by the generalization approach. Factors involved in spelling disabilities are cited. Analysis of…

Profile analysis was performed on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) scores of 29 learning disabled students (6-10 years old) in a Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) program, to determine whether subtest patterns for initial and re-evaluation WISC-R administrations would differ significantly. Profile analysis was applied…

The authors describe difficulties encountered by learning disabled (LD) students and summarize ways LD young adults have learned to cope with daily problems. The importance of understanding their problems, seeking out sensitive professionals, developing strategies to cope with classroom demands, and obtaining counseling are stressed. Strategies…

A review of the literature about transition from secondary to postsecondary settings for students with learning disabilities (LD) is presented. Reasons are offered for limited empirical longitudinal data about LD adolescents and adults. Studies of the impact of LD on adolescents are grouped into case studies, reports of specific materials or…

The paper reports on multisensory approaches to reading instruction of learning disabled children. G. Fernald's "tracing" method, also known as the V-A-K-T method, is described and research questioning its effectiveness is cited. Next, the Adapted Fernald Technique (AFT) which requires the student to write, illustrate, read and reread…

The study tests the efficacy of social meta-cognitive training for enhancing social competence in 34 learning disabled (LD) and 35 non LD low achieving incarcerated delinquents. Ss were randomly assigned to treatment, attention control and test-only control groups. Overt social behavior measures were examined in a pretest-posttest control group…

Issues involved in personnel preparation are addressed in the position paper developed by the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. Among problems cited in this area are obstacles to making changes in policy, curricula, and practica; territorality among professional training programs; lack of interdisciplinary education and training;…

The study was designed to explore descriptively the differences in oral language production of three learning disabled children (8 to 9 years old) compared to normal children through observable spontaneous conversational interaction. Spontaneous language samples were videotaped and audiotaped in conversation with the experimenter, a peer, and the…

The paper discusses issues in the education of learning disabled (LD) secondary students. Among problems noted are the lack of fit between characteristics of the disabled learner and characteristics of secondary education and the exacerbating effects of learning disabilities on adolescent concerns. Successful strategies identified in the research…