Typical Bayesian methods for models with latent variables (or random effects) involve directly sampling the latent variables along with the model parameters. In high-level software code for model definitions (using, e.g., BUGS, JAGS, Stan), the likelihood is therefore specified as conditional on the latent variables. This can lead researchers to…

We encounter information about the past in everyday life through films, books and complex historical sources -- such as historic sites or eyewitness accounts. Investigations of how visitors and learners engage with these complex historical sources have mainly focused on the 'something special' of the encounter on the one hand and on the clear…

The form of internal university governance is often based on the phenomena of institutional isomorphism within examinations of legitimacy. Under the background of the "CPC leadership + unbalanced governance" state governance model, Chinese universities need to break away from the preconceived notions of balanced governance in their…

The article presents the concept of development and modernisation of the model of multi-level continuing vocational education for the oil and gas industry of the Udmurt Republic under the conditions of its reform. The relevance of continuing education research in the context of its modernisation and reform stems from the need for highly qualified…

The proposed Transformational Education (TE) model clarifies a dynamic process where teachers and other school staff embrace their contribution to educational leadership. Reworking Transformational Leadership (TL) constructs for a stronger fit within the classroom, this concept paper reviews the literature to construct a model illustrating the…

We examined 3 different network models of representing semantic knowledge (5,018-word directed and undirected step distance networks, and an association-correlation network) to predict lexical priming effects. In Experiment 1, participants made semantic relatedness judgments for word pairs with varying path lengths. Response latencies for…

Trust effects between internal school actors (e.g., teachers, students, administrators, parents) are well established in the literature, but less evidence exists about trust in district administration, leading to the question addressed in this study: Does teacher trust in district administration operate in a similar way as other trust forms? The…

Determining the effect of social loafing behaviors on the performance of individual and group members in the context of group work is considered important. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of social loafing and cyberloafing behaviors on group work. The effect of social loafing and cyberloafing on group studies was examined on the…

Learning systems can utilize many practice exercises, ranging from simple multiple-choice questions to complex problem-solving activities. In this article, we propose a classification framework for such exercises. The framework classifies exercises in three main aspects: (1) the primary type of interaction; (2) the presentation mode; and (3) the…

Up until the resurgence of an academic journal, the field of educational supervision has had to travel incognito (Glanz & Hazi, 2019; Mette, 2019). With the development of the "Journal of Educational Supervision," however, supervision scholars have been invited to push new boundaries and experiment with non-traditional approaches…

Student growth percentiles (SGPs) are currently used by several states and school districts to provide information about individual students as well as to evaluate teachers, schools, and school districts. For SGPs to be defensible for these purposes, they should be reliable. In this study, we examine the amount of systematic and random error in…

Our paper discusses the need for continued focus on ethical leadership and the importance and benefits of ethical leadership development. We propose integrating ethical leadership development, that uses cognitive development theory, into the Center for Creative Leadership's Assess, Challenge, and Support (ACS) leader development model to help…

This paper describes a collaborative curriculum project integrating 4 leadership programs at three academic levels. What emerged from this effort was a theoretical model understood as a boundary object that allows our diverse perspectives a space within which we can communicate, collaborate, and learn from each other.

The study aims to find out the effectiveness of I-Teach model to improve teachers' professionalism in handling special-needs children in inclusive classes. This is the final part of a research and development project with the modification of its development stage by Sukmadinata (2017) to be a model testing stage. It explained the effectiveness of…

Higher education institutions struggle to demonstrate learning improvement (Banta, Jones, & Black, 2009; Banta & Blaich, 2011; Jankowski, Timmer, Kinzie, & Kuh, 2018). We showcase how student learning outcomes assessment processes can benefit from strong program theory and implementation fidelity data. In our example, faculty…