Rates of verbalizing by three children exhibiting moderate to severe language delays (delays of six months to two years) were increased through the systematic use of mands for verbalization, models for verbalization, and contingent positive consequences following utterances. Daily samples of each child's speech were collected during free play…

This report assesses the state of the art of research into and accepted knowledge of "language in the classroom," particularly in Scotland. The discussion is organized in six sections: (1) language-related causes of educational failure and remedial programs set up with the intention of compensating for various kinds of deprivation; (2)…

This report describes a study investigating the extent to which 2- and 3-year-olds, as they acquire language, continue to use infant nonverbal sharing behaviors (pointing, holding up, giving and partner play) or begin to use language to share in new ways. A group of 2- and 3-year-olds (12 of each) were observed in a playroom setting of three…

The paper reports three investigations devoted to enhancing the language and/or motor-gestural repertoires of developmentally delayed and severely handicapped young children (n=8). Briefly discussed is research relating to each of the investigations, as well as methodological issues central to modifying social interaction. Noted among study…

The study examined the effects of educational treatment on 62 children (5 to 16-years-old) in a care unit for ambulant, trainable, low-moderate, and severely mentally handicapped children. Educational programing was provided in four areas: gross motor, motor perceptual, language, and social training. Results showed that the experimental children…

Lev Vygotsky, in his book "Thought and Language," explores the relationship between thought and language. In school, children discover that there is a code (writing) that represents words. Writing is often difficult for students because it is an abstraction in which words are replaced by images of words, it is speech without an…

Comprehension of the quantifiers "some" and "all" was studied with 202 children, three to nine years old. Thirty-two quantifier sentences dealing with descriptions of circles and squares were presented to the children. Wooden objects were presented to some children to see if results were affected by the choice of abstract objects, but no…

This study presents phonological and lexical data describing the speech of a two-year-old acquiring English and French simultaneously. After establishing the child's phonological system(s), four categories of lexical items are described: (1) the child knows and uses both the English and French lexical item; (2) the child is confused by identical…

The purposes of this study were (1) to provide a method for the quantitative study of grammatical (syntactic) structures which is coherent, systematic, and broad, yet capable of refinement to accommodate details, and (2) to search for the developmental trends in the frequency of various grammatical structures written by students of average…

The report describes an analysis of errors yielded by a written test in English given to 424 Swedish 14-year-olds from 24 different classes in the comprehensive school. The analysis discusses the difference in attainment between pupils of high and low proficiency, frequencies and types of errors for regular and irregular verbs, and the occurrence…

This report is intended to provide information regarding the bilingual child to persons in early childhood education who are involved with bilingual children. The first section discusses the nature of language. A section on linguistic diversity discusses the origins of dialects, their relative value, speech styles, and code-switching. A section on…

Educators are presently engaged in testing the hypothesis that under favorable conditions bilingual schooling will improve the education of both bilinguals and monolingual English-speaking children and at the same time contribute to a healthier society. These prerequisite favorable conditions are: a socio-economic-cultural survey of the community…

Primary objectives of the program were: (1) to meet the educational needs of those children who experience learning difficulties because of the inability to understand or speak the language of instruction, and (2) to maintain a sense of pride in the student's language and culture. During 1974-75, the program's 4th year of operation, there were…

This is a research report on the acquisition and development of language in children from 4 to 6 years as observed in the pre-elementary grades. The research was done by a number of teams scattered throughout France, and this book is a collection of the papers prepared as a result of their research. The report is divided into five sections. The…

This bulletin is published annually in the interest of children with specific language disabilities, learning disabilities or dyslexia. Articles in this issue deal with "Some Problems of the Ex-Dyslexic,""Hemispheric Specialization and Stages in the Learning-to-Read Process,""The International Scene,""Diagnosis…