Research has shown that students and teachers can benefit from structured in-school helping relationships in which peers assume formal roles as tutors. For the student in need of academic help, peer tutoring programs provide an opportunity to learn in a more nonthreatening environment than the classroom. Immediate feedback and clarification of…

To determine the effects of peer tutoring on tutors and tutees in middle school English classes, a study was conducted using pretest and posttest data of 120 students in a Mississippi middle school gathered from the following: (1) the California Achievement Test, 1977 Edition, Forms C and D; (2) teacher-assigned grades in English classes; (3)…

One teacher's experience with changes in writing skills and attitudes while teaching writing led to studies of the experiences of three female graduate student writing tutors with widely varying backgrounds working in a university tutorial service. One was a student from a blue collar family who had entered college as a mature student; one had…

This paper is based on the idea that designing a knowledge representation for an intelligent physics computer tutoring system depends, in part, on the target behavior anticipated from the student. In addition, the document distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative competence in physics. These competencies are illustrated through questions…

A study investigated the effects of using the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) model in distance education. The PSI version of the course (PSI-P) was compared to a version of the course that was found to be instructionally weak (C), a revised version of the course that had an improved instructional design (IB), and a version of the course…

A procedure for selecting peer tutors has been developed at the University of Texas at El Paso. Applicants who meet the required qualifications which include being of sophomore standing or above and maintaining at least a "B" average--are interviewed by staff members who examine applicants' grade transcripts and note a variety of factors related…

This is an overview of a project in which cross-age tutoring is used as a means of enhancing the learning and motivation of the tutors, in contrast to the practice in which the learning of the tutee is the primary focus. This teaching method is referred to as the "Learning-Tutoring Cycle." It is recommended that secondary students who are in need…

This guide is designed to aid schools in establishing a school-wide or system-wide content-area reading program. Guidelines are offered for understanding the learner, and suggestions are given for assessing the needs, abilities, interests, and goals of students. Formulating instructional objectives and procedures includes planning approaches both…

This literacy program guidebook contains specific information for use by volunteer tutors involved in an adult literacy project in Ottawa, Canada, as well as general information on reading instruction techniques, literacy skills, literacy curricula, and resource materials. The origins, objectives, structure, and operations of the Ottawa program…

Reports of two studies conducted at South Oklahoma City Junior College are presented. In the first study, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the new on-line enrollment process from the student's point of view. Eighty-eight of a sample of 221 students who enrolled during March 1978 responded; 51 were returning students, while 37 were new. When…

The studies reported in this document reflect the interests and concerns of reading and language arts teachers. Topics of the 10 studies were: a comparison of basal and individualized reading approaches to vocabulary acquisition of fourth graders, a comparison of a formal reading program and an informal general readiness program in kindergarten,…

The first section of this annotated bibliography is a selected review of research on the effects of volunteer tutoring programs. Reviews of 34 studies note the number, level, and type of students; type of tutors; area of U.S.; length, frequency, and duration of tutoring sessions; and achievement and other results of the tutoring programs.…

The instructional concept guide is part of a system developed for tutor training and support. It is primarily designed for volunteers, but it can also be adapted to the training of paraprofessional tutors for any type of adult literacy program. A key component in the system is the Tutor Support Library, consisting of Instructional Concept Guides…

This brief illustrated booklet suggests procedures for the incorporation of planned peer tutoring into daily classroom rountines. This method of instruction has been found to be usable with a variety of academic tasks and is seen as one way to achieve individualization of instruction. The booklet focuses on the definition of peer tutoring;…

Explains how peer writing tutors not only help their fellow students, but can also learn a great deal themselves about grammar and mechanics, information processing, marking papers, audience awareness, and problem-solving strategies. (ARH)