The purpose of this quantitative ex post facto research study is to determine if there is a difference in students' pre-calculus knowledge and mathematical skills achievement based on pre-calculus instructional conditions and gender at a community college in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Three research questions were used to…

Adaptive learning is provided in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) to enable learners with varying abilities to meet their expected learning outcomes. Despite the personalized learning afforded by ITSes using adaptive learning, learners are still susceptible to shallow learning. Introducing metacognitive tutoring to teach learners how to be aware…

The problem in the 21st Century Community Learning Center (CCLC) afterschool program was that 40% of the students enrolled performed below the proficiency level in reading on the state assessed exams during the past 3 school years. This was of great concern for the teachers and administrators in this Title I middle school, Grades 6-8. This…

There is an increasing demand for change in mathematics education to combat deficit-based assumptions towards students of color and promote culturally affirming learning environments (Celedon-Pattichis et al., 2018). Equity-centered mathematics research provides a powerful opportunity to resist these deficit constructions towards marginalized…

Student success in anatomy courses is critical for entry-level occupational therapy doctorate (OTD) programs, yet many students struggle to master this foundational subject. Research on effective academic interventions to support anatomy learning in OTD programs is limited, leaving a gap in understanding the impact of supplemental resources. This…

Studies have shown how family (typically parents) and formal institutions (specifically schools and universities) shape individuals' dispositions--or "habitus." However, other sites of academic socialisation, such as tutoring centres and coaching institutions (collectively forming a shadow education system), are seldom scrutinised for…

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) possess significant potential to enhance learning outcomes. However, deploying ITSs in global south countries presents challenges due to their frequent lack of essential technological resources, such as computers and internet access. The concept of AIED Unplugged has emerged to bridge this digital divide,…

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to predict students' future performances based on their former exercises and additional information in educational settings. KT has received significant attention since it facilitates personalized experiences in educational situations. Simultaneously, the autoregressive (AR) modeling on the sequence of former exercises…

The swift advancement of artificial intelligence, especially large language models (LLMs), has generated novel prospects for improving educational methodologies. Nonetheless, the successful incorporation of these technologies into pedagogical methods, such as flipped classrooms, continues to pose a challenge. This study investigates the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise as dynamic instructional aids. Yet, it remains unclear whether LLMs can replicate the adaptivity of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS)--where student knowledge and pedagogical strategies are explicitly modeled. We propose a prompt variation framework to assess LLM-generated instructional moves' adaptivity…

Research shows that corequisite courses are more effective at supporting student success in gateway English and math courses than prerequisite developmental courses. As the field increasingly shifts to adopt and expand corequisites, questions remain about how to design and structure corequisites to best support student success. In the fall of…

Regular expressions (REs) are often taught to undergraduate computer science majors in the Formal Languages and Automata (FLA) course; they are widely used to implement different software functionalities such as search mechanisms and data validation in diverse fields. Despite their importance, the difficulty of REs has been asserted many times in…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming ever better and more powerful, which is why it can be found in many areas of everyday life. AIs like ChatGPT have also found their way into universities and more and more students are trusting them. Previous studies found opportunities of ChatGPT in academic education such as personalized and interactive…

Think-aloud protocols are a standard method to study self-regulated learning (SRL) during learning by problem-solving. Advances in automated transcription and large language models (LLMs) have automated the transcription and labeling of SRL in these protocols, reducing manual effort. However, while effective in many emerging applications, previous…

This report is part of a commissioned paper series that highlights the profound and ongoing effects of COVID-19 on educational opportunities and underscores the necessity of bold, systemic reforms to ensure equitable and effective learning environments. The papers examine evidence-based strategies to mitigate opportunity gaps, strengthen student…