In same-age peer-tutoring, the tutor's role carries more status than the tutee's, and assigning the more competent pupil to tutor is more status congruent (equitable) than the reverse; both facets of status should therefore promote achievement and satisfaction in peer tutoring. A series of studies, involving first a simulation then actual tutoring…

Personalized systems of instruction (PSI), also called individualized instruction or contingency-managed instruction, were developed in the mid-1960s at the college level by Fred Keller, a reinforcement learning theorist. The Keller plan consists of five features: self-pacing, unit mastery, student tutors, optional motivational lectures, and…

Since fall 1972, Sacramento City College has operated a pilot project designed to provide minority students with extra tutorial and laboratory assistance and, thereby, to encourage them to pursue careers in mathematics, science, technology, and the allied health fields. The primary focus of the program was placed on one-to-one tutorials intended…

The report describes a project designed to facilitate the transfer and utilization of training technology by developing a model for evaluating training approaches or innovtions in relation to the requirements, resources, and constraints of specific training settings. The model consists of two parallel sets of open-ended questions--one set…

Open classroom systems frequently use peer tutoring techniques as a means of individualizing instruction. This study investigated the effects of three variables on tutor and tutee performance: (1) the achievement level of the tutor; (2) brief tutor training in reinforcement and corrective feedback procedures; and (3) tutor expectancy about tutee…

The emphasis of this issue, reflecting increased demand for accountability, is the importance of teachers gathering data which substantiate pupil growth and present facts about what is going on in English classrooms, especially when teachers are trying different classroom approaches. Articles also discuss student responses to literature, student…

The final report describes the generally successful development and use of two new instructional models for adult basic education (ABE): a peer instruction model and an instructional system for consumer decision making. Section 1 examines the two year application of the peer instruction model, first developed for the military, in various adult…

This study was an attempt to apply certain concepts from social learning theory to the understanding of certain factors related to eighth-grade girls. Subjects were thought to vary in degree of identification with parents, teachers, and peers and to attribute different academic achievement values to these figures. Subjects (267) came from a…

Several innovative approaches to the orientation course that have been tested in a community college are described. These approaches emphasize the areas of orientation of special importance in the community college: adjustment to the freedoms and responsibilities of being a college student, development of communication skills and relationships…

Describes the creation, by students, of a 5-hour-weekly course in English for Grade 12, dealing with educational problems and school policies in Great Britain and the USA. At all stages, the students acted as teachers. The various stages and a sample class hour are described. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

A physically disabled adolescent describes how, as a middle school student, he formed a wheelchair club to provide support and a forum for shared experiences among similarly disabled peers. Eventually, club members invited guest speakers and developed several disability awareness programs for their nondisabled classmates and teachers. (JW)

Discusses some recent research dealing with the enhancement of an individual's capacity for acquiring and using information through direct instruction and training in appropriate information processing strategies. Describes a learning strategy system known as MURDER, and relates its use to the learning of scientific and technical material. (TW)

Fourteen mildly handicapped (learning-disabled or behavior-disordered) and 36 nondisabled students in grade 10 social studies classrooms participated in a classwide peer tutoring program. Performance on weekly tests was significantly improved; 60 percent of all students earned "A" grades, and failing grades were virtually eliminated. (Author/JDD)

A Furman University program called School Initiated Teacher Education Outreach trained school personnel as peer inservice providers and consultants to general education personnel. The 61 special education teachers, speech therapists, and curriculum specialists completed three courses on inservice content and presentation and peer consultation.…

Siblings as teachers and therapists are viewed from the following perspectives: (1) within the context of the family system; and (2) as a distinct dyadic relational system. Both possibilities and limitations of sibling helping are discussed. (Author/BJV)