The Literacy Plus Project, begun in 1985, provides tutoring for English-speaking adults aged 16 and over who live in the Hayward (California) Public Library service area, and whose reading and writing skills are below eighth-grade level. During the 1988-89 program year, the program trained 84 tutors (goal: 100) using a program developed by the…

In earlier times, practically everything was taught by apprenticeships. Schools are a recent invention that use many fewer teaching resources, but the computer enables us to go back to the resource-intensive mode of education, in a form called cognitive apprenticeship. This involves the use of modeling, coaching, reflecting on performance, and…

Presents data to evaluate the effectiveness of the Keller method relative to the traditional lecture/discussion section approach. The evaluation is in terms of the teaching of facts, principles, techniques and attitudes; student preparation for advanced chemistry; attraction of chemistry majors; program efficiency. (GS)

Trainable mentally retarded children can learn effectively and increase their independence in peer teaching situations. (CL)

A review of the literature regarding mastery learning suggests that mastery learning can benefit gifted education programs in two ways. First, the process provides information to determine if gifted students have mastered essential elements for a particular subject area, a necessary but often overlooked step before proceeding to enrichment.…

Cross ability tutoring--having more advanced students work with slower learners--seems to provide the repetitions required to teach the severely retarded a skill. At the Eastern Shore Vocational and Rehabilitation Center (Virginia), students who read at grade 2.0 or better are paired with others, some of whom are working on writing their names or…

Peer-tutoring programs have been found to produce positive effects on student achievement. There has been relatively little research on the effects of tutor characteristics on the achievement of college students who receive tutoring. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the sex of tutors and students' sex on…

Theory and research indicated that sentence-combining exercises (SCE's) might be effective for improving the writing of learning disabled (LD) pupils. Seven college seniors in special education were trained to implement SCE's naturalistically in tutoring 13 LD pupils in grades 1-6 over a 10 week period, with a control group of 8 seniors tutoring…

Arguing that goal knowledge is as important to intelligent machine activity as it is to human activity, and that it also must be well understood and explicitly represented in an instructional system if that system is to be successful in fostering learning, this report presents an architecture for intelligent tutors that explicitly represents…

The effects of using a nontraditional peer tutoring format--same age, similar skill level arrangement--were investigated for two school terms on a county wide basis with 2,386 significantly underachieving students in grades 1 through 9 in the curricular areas of reading and mathematics. Certified teachers and paraprofessional aides served as…

The Clarkstown Tutoring Service, a student peer-tutoring program in the Clarkstown (a middle to upper-middle suburban community), New York, school district received hundreds of tutees in grades 7 through 12 but very few in grades 1 through 6. A plan was devised to double the number of public elementary students tutored from 33 to 66 by June 25,…

The importance of writing centers as places where process-centered, student-centered teaching takes place is emphasized in this paper. To illustrate this point, the paper provides profiles of four tutors--two males and two females--and discusses ways to improve tutor-student conferences, including having the tutor focus the conference on the…

Tennessee high school students volunteer time equivalent to 13 full-time teachers to tutor younger students on a one-to-one basis in problem subjects. (DW)