This final report describes a general purpose system for developing intelligent tutors based on the Structural Learning Theory. The report opens with a discussion of the rules and related constructs that underlie cognitive constructs in all structural learning theories. The remainder of the text provides: (1) an introduction to the Structural…

This paper presents a review of literature dealing with peer coaching as a method for improving the teacher's overall instructional effectiveness, as well as generating teacher collegiality. The articles annotated for this study are organized into four sections. The first section discusses the concept of peer coaching, and the second section…

This study documents the benefits of tutoring as a clinical experience for the prospective teacher. The program was developed to give the teacher candidates a perspective on the likelihood that they will encounter vast differences between their life experiences and those of their students. These differences may be racial, ethnic, and/or cultural.…

A study investigated a communication skills tutoring program to determine if peer tutoring proved an appropriate pedagogy for communication skills training. A survey, in which questions were grouped into categories of instructional, ethical, and training issues, was distributed to 8 instructors and to 12 tutors who were enrolled in a course…

This document outlines the strategies that are used for teaching and assessment in Dominie, an intelligent tutoring system designed to enable the user to operate a computer interface independently. Eight interaction modes are described in detail: four teaching strategies (cognitive apprenticeship, successive refinement, discovery learning, and…

This paper discusses a range of teaching styles possible for use in Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction (ICAI) and suggests that they may usefully be thought of as points within a framework of guided discovery teaching methods. The nature of guidance in tutoring and possible ways of providing guidance are discussed in the context of…

This handbook is designed to assist educators in establishing a project that uses volunteers as tutors in an adult education program. It is based on the experiences of a model project conducted by the State College Area School using Kiwanis volunteers. A section on recruitment/publicity lists the activities conducted and resulting publicity items.…

The use of a learning model in a peer tutoring program is discussed. Although the tutorial function is often a priority, the goal of the peer-tutoring program is to help students become independent learners. To eliminate the need for tutoring, it is necessary to determine why the student is having academic problems. To train peer tutors, a…

The practicum addressed the needs of 3- to 5-year-old language learning disabled (LLD) children who required more individualization in their curriculum and longer time on task. The practicum goals were: (1) to address 80% of the children's short term individualized education program (IEP) goals; (2) to increase the children's independent time on…

This guide provides materials to help adult educators in organizing and developing volunteer literacy programs for the functionally illiterate adult. Introductory materials include a brief history of the Volunteer Adult Reading Program (VARP) and the philosophy and rationale of the program. A list of questions and answers follows that are intended…

The primary task of all teachers at all grade levels in all disciplines should be to identify the poor reader and find assistance for that student. "Sink or swim" thinking, which permits nonreaders to advance through the school grade hierarchy and into society, must be phased out of the educational consciousness of the nation. Recent research has…

This document contains a congressional hearing on S.1016, which would provide financial assistance for the establishment and operation of Literacy Corps programs. (The Literacy Corps would enlist college students to tutor in reading and math for 6 hours per week in a 10-week semester). Testimony includes statements and prepared statements from…

Delaware County (Pennsylvania) Community College received a grant from the U.S. Department of Education to use college work-study students to teach literacy. The college cooperated with the Delaware County Literacy Council in order to train tutors and clerical personnel and place them in tutoring or program support functions. A total of 30…

Five elementary special education students were mainstreamed to a regular classroom for portions of their school day. A support team, consisting of the school psychologist, the principal, and the guidance counselor, was established to monitor their progress and provide assistance with both behavioral and educational problems. Peer tutors were…

Two studies investigated effects of programs in which handicapped students tutored regular class students. In study 1, 39 fourth to sixth grade learning and behaviorally handicapped students tutored regular class first graders in reading. In study 2, 17 intellectually handicapped students tutored regular class peers in sign language. Comparing…