Discusses the relationships between knowledge structure, teachers, and learners. Implications for designing an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) are considered; and it is argued that an ITS must model the world, the learner, and teacher-learner interaction to be successful. Experiments conducted to assess the practical usefulness of several…

Describes the function, management and facilities of the Physics Tutorial Center (PTC) at North Carolina State University. A primary function of the PTC is to provide immediate and individualized response to learning problems identified by the students. The operational philosophy is to guide the student to the solution by asking questions and not…

Presents samples of talk in peer writing conferences in an urban fourth grade class. Points out that talk in peer writing conferences fosters an exchange of ideas between students; is crucial for helping students revise first drafts; leads to greater sense of community in the classroom; and creates a classroom environment in which students'…

Reports study results concerning the effects of peer tutoring, library assistance, and extra credit incentives upon student research paper quality. Indicates that students who sought help got better grades. Reveals a strong correlation between the number of consultations and final research paper grades. Concludes that grade point average also was…

Offers three suggestions from teachers regarding managing peer tutors with letters and anecdotal records; creating postcards from the famous for social studies classes; and workplace literacy, from literacy audit to learner. (SR)

Describes a study that was conducted in Wales to investigate the attitudes and responses of 16- to 19-year-old students in a flexible learning program. Problems of open learning processes with this age group are discussed, and study skills, tutorial support, and performance monitoring are examined. (six references) (LRW)

Three experiments in the framework of Activity Theory explored the relationship between the questions of 104 male and 88 female adult learners (college students) and subsequent comprehension in a tutorial learning session. Questions asked during knowledge implementation aid comprehension more than do those asked during acquisition. (SLD)

Reviews studies of psychosocial variables that maximize outcomes in peer tutoring programs. Considers research on tutoring behaviors and their relation to outcomes; effective tutorial instruction methods; expectations and attributions in tutoring settings; tutorial roles and student pairings; and cooperative learning formats. Makes recommendations…

Classwide peer tutoring was implemented in a self-contained classroom for 12 primary-grade students with mild mental retardation. Results indicated that students accurately implemented classwide peer tutoring, high rates of accurate practice were produced, and spelling test performance increased by more than 60 percent correct over baseline.…

Offers an overview of research findings on peer and cross-age tutoring, including what elements of reading are amenable to tutoring, the effects of the age and ability of tutors, gender pairing, and tutor training. (SR)

This article summarizes the literature on peer, cross-age, and reverse-role tutoring as an intervention with students with learning disabilities, discusses the effects of reverse-role tutoring on reading achievement and perception of self-worth of tutors, and outlines critical components necessary for a successful tutoring project. (Author/JDD)

Examined the effects of active versus passive peer tutoring among African American first graders at risk for school failure, comparing both types of tutoring to teacher mediated instruction. Results of weekly spelling tests indicated that both peer tutoring methods produced spelling scores superior to scores in the teacher mediated group. Passive…

Offers suggestions for using classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) to teach health and safety in an inclusive setting.Suggestions include advantages and concerns associated with using CWPT procedures, content material, curriculum development and adaptation, linking CWPT procedures to a health- and safety-education curriculum, teacher and student training…

Comparison of Literacy Volunteers of America's participatory model of small group instruction with a Connecticut affiliate showed the national program emphasizes students' role in shaping the learning environment. The local program, based on Dewey's concept of growth as enhancement of experience through critical intelligence, focuses on…

Analyzes tutoring and other educational programs offered for Southeast Asian refugees at a social service site. Data gathered by observers show the importance of the supportive climate and the teaching occurring during tutoring, English-as-a-Second-Language classes, and informal play. (SLD)