This paper considers the scholarly knowledge base that exists on classroom management in an effort to educate teachers about managing classrooms and students. The concepts of instruction, classroom management, student socialization, and disciplinary intervention as functions commonly performed by teachers are defined. It is argued that a sustained…

This study examined how student teachers spent their time during student teaching and the structural conditions in the classroom that may have influenced these activities. Specifically, the nature of student teachers' activities was investigated relative to time spent in subject areas, grouping arrangements, and observing and teaching. Data…

"The purpose of this article is to report a review of the developing empirical literature to explain "expert" teacher behavior, by analogy, from the cognitive psychology expertise literature. Emphasized is a review of the expert-novice cognitive psychology literature, encompassing the research on: chess, and other games; physics,…

A brief description is given of a small school district in which the Mastery Learning approach to instruction has been operative since 1971. This study examined the teacher evaluation records written by the school principals in the District in order to determine the behaviors, attitudes and actions that these school administrators encourage in…

The manual describes the differences between low-inference observation and rating scales when evaluating teachers. Procedures for observing are set forth. The body of the manual defines and exemplifies the 115 items used on the observation instrument as well as the use of two other instruments used before and after the observation, i.e., the…

The effects of instructional interactions on preservice teachers' perceptions of teacher-student roles form their ideals of what teachers and students are supposed to do and, ultimately, what they as teachers will expect and do. The mode of instruction that predominates in the large college class tends to be lecturing, with a minimum amount of…

Faculty beliefs regarding the achievement potential of women and minority students may be communicated through microinequities in everyday exchanges. To determine whether women and minority students perceive a less encouraging classroom atmosphere than white male students, 941 students were surveyed using a questionnaire designed for this study.…

A number of professional qualities might be developed in a program designed to prepare early childhood teachers to function in multiple settings. Solving problems, assessing situations, communicating with a range of people, and being flexible and innovative are such qualities. But one can also view prepararing educators to function in multiple…

Although many teachers have had an enduring and positive influence on their students, some teachers' behavior is unprofessional, contributing to youngsters' alienation and reinforcing negative public opinion about the teaching profession. This field study describes various defensive maneuvers, strategies, and pranks that teachers devised and…

The microteaching course continues to be a focal point in the preservice training of science teachers. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate the effects of a microteaching course on preservice science teachers' perceptions of teaching, instructional behaviors, decision making skills, and any changes in beliefs occurring…

In order to describe the process by which teachers who are learning to use writing conferences move toward a more constructivist view of teaching and learning (emphasizing interaction between teacher and student, the negotiation of meaning, and the role of language in learning), a study presents three case studies. Subjects were three New York…

Numerous studies suggest that field experiences focus student attention on short-term survival strategies; they do not provide a systematic investigation of alternative theories of learning and instruction. Students attend to management techniques but do not develop a more reflective approach to instruction. If this is so, students at different…

As teacher educators have worked to encourage teachers to become more reflective, they have noted the important role school context plays in supporting or constraining reflection in action. This study describes one kindergarten teacher's experiences in two contrasting school contexts. The study documents the characteristics of leadership style and…

Classroom observation of four student teachers during the first, seventh, and fourteenth weeks of their teaching semester focused on their management of transition periods between lesson segments. Videotapes and stimulated recall analysis of the differences revealed that: (1) the most effective student teachers averaged fewer transitions per…

In response to a frequently articulated call for "ecological" validity from instructional communication investigations, this paper reports on methodological issues which evolved during the development and application of a coding scheme for content analyzing teacher compliance-gaining messages. Starting with a consideration of the…