Modifying and hedging one's claims appropriately is an important characteristic of academic writing. This study focuses on the three main English modal verbs used to express "epistemic possibility" to avoid making strong statements, viz., "may", "might", and "could". The purpose of this corpus-based study is…

The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of interactions among second/foreign language (L2) writing subskills. Two types of relationships were investigated: subskill-item and subskill-subskill relationships. To achieve the first purpose, using writing data obtained from the writing essays of 500 English as a foreign language (EFL)…

This present study aims to elaborate on the use of the problem-based method as an instructional strategy to produce an engaging online program that can facilitate the student's learning achievement. Since the students must interact actively with lecturers, other students, and course content, it is necessary that online learning involves the use of…

The study sought to understand how three multilingual Romanian Roma learners approached and made sense of literacy-related activities in an English primary school so that this can illuminate classroom practice to ensure more inclusive forms of literacy education. The following research questions were addressed: (1) What are learners' linguistic…

Children who do not master writing skills risk possible failure because they cannot complete written assignments on time. The complex nature of writing as a language production skill requires thorough planning and problem-solving. Research emphasises that children who struggle to write tend to remain behind in their writing skill development.…

Writing professional learning is often overlooked amidst public-school system demands, which include scarce funding and competing state mandates and priorities (Tooley and Connally, 2016). In addition, writing teachers are often subject to professional learning experiences that are directed by others rather than being tailored to their own needs…

What do writers do with the feedback they receive? While the answer will vary depending on the writer's experience and the rhetorical situation, understanding what writers do can provide important information for course redesign and professional development of tutors and instructors. In this first of two manuscripts, the authors examine how…

This article explores the connections between creating an equitable classroom and antiracist assessment. The article attempts to explain the impact of the equitable classroom on student apathy. Additionally, rigid concepts of "failing" under this equitable classroom model are interrogated. Finally, the article provides some insights into…

This study explores university-based teacher educators' and undergraduate students' engagement with literacy coursework that meets the requirements of state accreditation while also developing instructional practices that honor the languages and literacies of racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse children. In this dissertation, the…

Online collaborative learning for developing English writing skills has been widely recognised for decades as a key approach to enhancing students' learning achievement and experiences through technology. However, it is generally one-way learning. Therefore, the virtual team concept has recently been applied to online learning and teaching to…

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two types of historical problem-solving instruction with advanced urban high school students' (N = 231) ability to reason with and contextualize historical evidence. Contextualization is a critical heuristic in the process of disciplinary thinking among historians. Yet, prior research…

This article seeks to empower teachers to create a literacy environment in which children begin to identify as writers: confident, willing to take risks, engaged, excited, persistent, resilient, resourceful, and self-starting. The teaching methods provided in the article are centered around the writer's workshop model, applied in a Kindergarten…

The process of analyzing student data to determine an appropriate instructional decision is crucial for student academic growth. This article details how teachers can make data-driven decisions to carefully design writing instruction. Steps are presented for teachers to follow throughout the data driven decision-making process in order to meet…

While scholars across a range of disciplines challenge the idea that bi/multilinguals have separate linguistic repertoires, monolingual expectations are common in bilingual education. Using elements of case study design and discourse analysis, I explore translanguaging as both a dynamic linguistic practice and a linguistically sustaining pedagogy…

The present study intended to investigate the summary writing strategy use and writing quality of 57 Iranian EFL learners in an academic setting. As for collecting the required data, the students (1) completed an expository essay (as a measure of their writing competence), (2) summarized the literature review section of a research paper (as a…