Assessed the arithmetical competencies of 105 American and 104 Chinese elementary school students at the beginning and end of the U.S. school year. Results suggest the Chinese advantage in early mathematical development is related to a combination of language- and school-related factors. (MDM)

Subsyllabic awareness was investigated with a word synthesis task completed by 96 children in kindergarten, first, and second grade. Evidence supports a developmental trend that shows performance improved with each grade. Children blended speech segments more easily when the segments were the syllable onset and rime. (SLD)

Proposes a developmental pattern to understand interpersonal forgiveness. Responses to questions by 30 junior high students and 30 college students indicate that all participants had recently experienced serious and unfair conflicts with close friends. Results support a developmental sequence and show a statistical relationship between…

Current Population Survey data indicate that nonmetropolitan earnings rose slightly during 1990-96, metropolitan income declined, and nonmetro income inequality lessened. Nonmetro gains were notable in the South and Midwest and for women, Blacks, and Hispanics. Earnings declined sharply for urban, but not rural, high school dropouts. The urban…

Cognitive styles are broad, systematic characteristics that influence people's responses in different situations. Field dependence independence (FDI) is the cognitive style construct that has generated the most research. Describes the FDI characteristics in young children's social behaviors, including their social orientation, people-versus-object…

Describes a primary teacher's experience with implementing developmentally appropriate practice. Documents the process of changing teaching methods, abandoning ability grouping in reading, giving children significant choices, following children's progress, staying informed and sharing with colleagues, informing parents, and evaluating teaching…

National data are presented on: 50 institutions conferring the most bachelor's degrees on African American and Hispanic men in 1992-93, including number and percentage of all graduates; educational attainment levels (elementary, secondary, college), by different age groups, and college enrollment by racial/ethnic group in 1984 and 1994; and…

This study examined differences between men and women in intermediate and college algebra courses in an urban university's mathematics lab. Variables examined included grade, hours worked, semester course load, grade point average, time spent in mathematics lab, and age. Women had better course grades than men in intermediate and similar grades in…

Presents brief annotations of 23 picture books and children's books that focus on literature in which the generations come together--books that celebrate the relationship between young and old; challenge ageist stereotypes; explore the complexities of aging; and deal with the death of a loved one. (SR)

Two experiments on children's inferences and associative memory provided a supportive test of fuzzy-trace theory. Results indicated that false recognition of associated instances with delay declined for all children, and categorical inferences increased for older children. Verbatim memory and inferences were uncorrelated under short delay but…

Examined children's beliefs about the origins of gender differences and age-related changes in these beliefs. Findings suggested that young children may have an early bias to view gender categories as predictive of essential, underlying similarities between members but later come to acknowledge the role of other causal mechanisms in shaping how…

Studied the sociocultural context in which Brazilian children acquire and use everyday mathematics in terms of currency use. Participants were 105 children, ages 4 to 11, and their parents. Found decreased use of currency with increasing age. Children also used currency to aid their problem solving and progressed from global estimates to the…

Examined 5- to 12-year-olds' judgment regarding the behavior of balance scales and other levers whose arms varied in a causal or a noncausal variable. Results indicated age-related increases in correct judgments about the influence of physical features of objects at an earlier age than about spatial relations between objects. (MOK)

Severity of hearing loss predicted poor reading comprehension scores for children with reading impairments in Grade 3 (N=67) and Grade 6 (N=36) in a study done in five areas of Quebec (Canada). Good scores of a few Grade 6 students with severe hearing loss indicated that these students can keep up if wide gaps do not exist at the outset of…

Examined conceptions of adulthood among adolescents, emerging adults, and parents of adolescents in Israel. Found widespread support for individualistic criteria for adulthood, such as accepting responsibility for one's actions, deciding on one's own beliefs and values, and becoming financially independent. Found considerable support for…