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Blumenfeld, Robert S.; Parks, Colleen M.; Yonelinas, Andrew P.; Ranganath, Charan – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
Results from fMRI have strongly supported the idea that the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) contributes to successful memory formation, but the role the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) in memory encoding is more controversial. Some findings suggest that the DLPFC is recruited when one is processing relationships between items in working memory, and this…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Task Analysis, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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Carretti, B.; Belacchi, C.; Cornoldi, C. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2010
Background: Despite the critical role attributed to working memory (WM) updating for executive functions and fluid intelligence, no research has yet been carried out on its specific role in the vital case of fluid intelligence weakness, represented by individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Furthermore, the relationship between updating and…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Mental Retardation, Short Term Memory, Attention Control
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Zars, Troy – Learning & Memory, 2010
In a dynamic environment, there is an adaptive value in the ability of animals to acquire and express memories. That both simple and complex animals can learn is therefore not surprising. How animals have solved this problem genetically and anatomically probably lies somewhere in a range between a single molecular/anatomical mechanism that applies…
Descriptors: Animals, Anatomy, Short Term Memory, Genetics
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Goodwin, Geoffrey P.; Johnson-Laird, P. N. – Cognition, 2010
Many concepts depend on negation and on relations such as conjunction and disjunction, as in the concept: "rich or not democratic". This article reports studies that elucidate the mental representation of such concepts from descriptions of them. It proposes a theory based on mental models, which represent only instances of a concept, and for each…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Models
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Jaeggi, Susanne M.; Studer-Luethi, Barbara; Buschkuehl, Martin; Su, Yi-Fen; Jonides, John; Perrig, Walter J. – Intelligence, 2010
We have previously demonstrated that training on a dual n-back task results in improvements in fluid intelligence ("Gf") as measured by matrix reasoning tasks. Here, we explored the underlying mechanisms of this transfer effect in two studies, and we evaluated the transfer potential of a single n-back task. In the first study, we demonstrated that…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Intervention, Evaluation, Hypothesis Testing
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Levens, Sara M.; Gotlib, Ian H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2010
Difficulties in the ability to update stimuli in working memory (WM) may underlie the problems with regulating emotions that lead to the development and perpetuation of mood disorders such as depression. To examine the ability to update affective material in WM, the authors had diagnosed depressed and never-disordered control participants perform…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Short Term Memory, Depression (Psychology), Psychological Patterns
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Chiang, Evelyn S.; Therriault, David J.; Franks, Bridget A. – Metacognition and Learning, 2010
In recent decades, increasing numbers of studies have focused on metacomprehension accuracy, or readers' ability to distinguish between texts comprehended more vs. less well. Following early findings that suggested readers are fairly poor at doing so, a number of studies have identified specific tasks to supplement a single reading of text that…
Descriptors: Economically Disadvantaged, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Task Analysis
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Jha, Amishi P.; Kiyonaga, Anastasia – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Dynamic adjustments in cognitive control are well documented in conflict tasks, wherein competition from irrelevant stimulus attributes intensifies selection demands and leads to subsequent performance benefits. The current study investigated whether mnemonic demands, in a working memory (WM) task, can drive similar online control modifications.…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Conflict, Mnemonics
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McArthur, Genevieve; Castles, Anne – Journal of Research in Reading, 2013
The aim of this study was to determine if phonological processing deficits in specific reading disability (SRD) and specific language impairment (SLI) are the same or different. In four separate analyses, a different combination of reading and spoken language measures was used to divide 73 children into three subgroups: poor readers with average…
Descriptors: Phonology, Language Impairments, Language Processing, Reading Difficulties
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Tan, Yah Hui; Poon, Kenneth K.; Rickard Liow, Susan J. – Early Child Development and Care, 2013
Research on the reading skills of monolingual children has established a convergent skills model for acquisition involving context-free decoding, language comprehension, and visual and phonological processing. This study sought to identify the predictors of Primary One bilingual children's reading accuracy and reading comprehension in English.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Bilingualism, Mandarin Chinese, English (Second Language)
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Sjowall, Douglas; Roth, Linda; Lindqvist, Sofia; Thorell, Lisa B. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: The notion that ADHD constitutes a heterogeneous disorder is well accepted. However, this study contributes with new important knowledge by examining independent effects of a large range of neuropsychological deficits. In addition, the study investigated whether deficits in emotional functioning constitute a dissociable component of…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Executive Function, Neurological Impairments, Cognitive Processes
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Blankson, A. Nayena; O'Brien, Marion; Leerkes, Esther M.; Marcovitch, Stuart; Calkins, Susan D.; Weaver, Jennifer Miner – Child Development, 2013
Dynamic relations during the preschool years across processes of control and understanding in the domains of emotion and cognition were examined. Participants were 263 children (42% non-White) and their mothers who were seen first when the children were 3 years old and again when they were 4. Results indicated dynamic dependence among the…
Descriptors: Emotional Development, Cognitive Development, Preschool Children, Mothers
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LeFevre, Jo-Anne; Berrigan, Lindsay; Vendetti, Corrie; Kamawar, Deepthi; Bisanz, Jeffrey; Skwarchuk, Sheri-Lynn; Smith-Chant, Brenda L. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2013
We examined the role of executive attention, which encompasses the common aspects of executive function and executive working memory, in children's acquisition of two aspects of mathematical skill: (a) knowledge of the number system (e.g., place value) and of arithmetic procedures (e.g., multi-digit addition) and (b) arithmetic fluency (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Number Concepts, Number Systems, Executive Function
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McKee, Ann C.; Stein, Thor D.; Nowinski, Christopher J.; Stern, Robert A.; Daneshvar, Daniel H.; Alvarez, Victor E.; Lee, Hyo-Soon; Hall, Garth; Wojtowicz, Sydney M.; Baugh, Christine M.; Riley, David O.; Kubilus, Caroline A.; Cormier, Kerry A.; Jacobs, Matthew A.; Martin, Brett R.; Abraham, Carmela R.; Ikezu, Tsuneya; Reichard, Robert Ross; Wolozin, Benjamin L.; Budson, Andrew E.; Goldstein, Lee E.; Kowall, Neil W.; Cantu, Robert C. – Brain, 2013
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive tauopathy that occurs as a consequence of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. We analysed post-mortem brains obtained from a cohort of 85 subjects with histories of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in 68 subjects: all males, ranging…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Head Injuries, Chronic Illness, Brain
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Máté, Ileana – Acta Didactica Napocensia, 2012
In this article, we will present the first results of a class experiment regarding text-based problems. The 6th-grade students from the experiment met the teaching of textbased problems for the first time. The main aim of the experiment was the diagnosis and possible remedy of the problems with working memory. As to the problems encountered during…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Hungarian, Short Term Memory, Word Problems (Mathematics)
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