The attribution of responsibility literature may suffer from the lack of an appropriate conceptual basis. Although past research has demonstrated the usefulness of Heider's levels of responsibility framework, one facet of Heider's theory that has received little attention is the justification level. Occupational role constraints and severity of…

The perception of duration in consonant segments is compared with their produced durations, and adults' and children's performance in this respect are compared. The temporal organization imposed by adults on initial consonant clusters was often not imposed by children from four to eight years of age, even though the cluster was produced…

The generic use of masculine terms may be viewed as a grammatical device that carries the non-specific meaning of gender without confusion with the specific meaning, or as a practice in which the masculine terms retain their gender-specific meaning in neutral contexts and bias the perceiver toward the interpretations of male references. In three…

The influence of sex-role identity on academic achievement behaviors and attitudes is just beginning to be understood. This paper examines two subject areas, mathematics and English, which have traditionally been sex-typed as male and female domains, respectively. Two mechanisms by which sex-role identity may affect achievement behaviors--value of…

Although research suggests that marital communication is causally related to marital satisfaction, the processes by which marital communication style affects marital relationships have not been identified. These communication styles (conventional, speculative, controlling, contactful) are based on the degrees of self-disclosure and openness to the…

The authors provide information to help parents of handicapped children plan, organize, and manage advisory councils for special education programs. Section I summarizes the roles and responsibilities of various advisory councils for special education, including local, regional, and state councils. Section II suggests some ways to organize a…

The effects of an instigator's and a respondent's disclosure on impressions of the revealing respondent were examined in a pair of experiments. The first experiment assessed the effects of both own and other's disclosure on a participant perceiver. After meeting a confederate partner, female undergraduate subjects (N=83) were induced to make an…

Several factors thought to influence the representativeness of behavioral assessment data were examined in an analogue study employing a multifactorial design. Systematic and unsystematic methods of observing group behavior were investigated using 18 male and 18 female observers. Additionally, valence properties of the observed behaviors were…

This exploratory study investigated subjects' reactions to the suffering of another person, with subjects categorized on the basis of their own levels of previous physical punishment by their parents. Within the just world victim derogation paradigm, subjects observed a similar/dissimilar other receiving punishing shocks (as compared to a no-shock…

Factors which affect the overall presentation of computer assisted instruction in the Voice Oriented Curriculum Author Language (VOCAL), and general guidelines for effective use of VOCAL in curriculum development are presented. Four major sections describe course design and review, spoken strings, display features, and six types of exercise…

The likelihood that females designate persons of the opposite sex as models more often than do males was investigated. Subjects, 61 boys and 64 girls from the sixth grade, plus 52 males and 83 female college students, indicated which other person, past or present, they would most like to be. Approximately 25% of females designated male models…

The annotated bibliography of all special education materials found in the Prescriptive Instruction Center of the Minneapolis (MN) public schools consists of approximately 700 items categorized under the following eight major subject areas: reading, phonics, spelling, math, perception, speech/language, readiness, and social awareness. Each major…

The purpose of this study was to compute and analyze descriptive indices of efficiency assessing the relative effectiveness of a verbal and visual color code applied to self-paced learning and testing materials. The sample consisted of 176 college subjects randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions receiving black/white (B) or color…

This study attempts a broad look at young children's sex typing of job classifications by examining the relationship of cognitive classification skills, age and sex to a 3-dimensional measure of children's job attributions, service preferences, and personal vocation choices. These dimensions were measured, respectively, by the following questions:…

The question studied whether the specific seven TICCIT system colors used within color coding schemes can be a source of confusion, or not seen at all, by the color-blind segment of target populations. Subjects were 11 color-blind and three normally sighted students at Brigham Young University. After a preliminary training exercise to acquaint the…