This paper presents reflections and reconsiderations of notions about educational criticism. Several issues about the process of educational criticism need to be explored: (1) the metaphor of criticism; (2) exemplifying and elaborating methods for criticism; and (3) exploring the critic's role. (CJ)

This review is an attempt to understand the responsibilities of governing boards regarding decision making in academic affairs, i.e., those decisions which have a direct bearing on the educational curriculum, the quality of instruction, the instructors and the students. (Author/PN)

Two experiments were conducted to assess whether the distribution of fixation times might be related to the prevailing cognitive activity involved with two different tasks, i.e., driving and observing colored fields. The results suggest that the distribution of fixation times can be associated with the prevailing cognitive activity while viewing.…

Studies suggest that primary children are teacher-motivated, prefer structure, movement, and intake while reading, and use tactual and kinesthetic senses to learn to read. Older students are less teacher-motivated, need less movement, intake, and structure, and more choice of materials, and use visual and auditory senses to learn. (Author/JM)

Although Newton's laws of motion are well known, studies have shown that many people have misconceptions about the motions of objects. Subjects of these studies tend to follow a theory held in the three centuries before Newton (impetus theory). This theory and studies examining misconceptions about motion are discussed. (JN)

The functions of spaces between words in adult reading of text were investigated in three experiments. Results were consistent with a two-process theory in which filling parafoveal spaces disrupts guidance of the next eye movement and filling foveal spaces disrupts processing of the fixated word as well. (Author/RD)

Thirty nine 11-year-old children were given the same unilateral word-naming task on two separate occasions. A test-retest reliability of .46 was a function of both reading ability and sex. (Author)

This paper reviews studies which describe the nature and extent of children's association of white with good and black with bad. As children become older, their perceptions of the colors white and black become differentiated from their perceptions of White and Black people. (Author/RD)

A study in Wake County, North Carolina, designed to determine how racist structural barriers influence role perceptions of Black decision makers, identified the following discriminators of role perceptions: 1) officials' perceptions of themselves as decision makers or decision influencers; 2) age; 3) racial composition of organization; 4)…

Five impediments to accurate clinical judgment are discussed: inability to assess covariation, influence of preconceived notions, lack of awareness of one's judgmental processes, overconfidence, and hindsight bias. Presents three strategies to minimize impediments' effects: considera- tion of alternative outcomes, increased attention to data, and…

Conducted two experiments to investigate phonological and tactual coding in Braille reading by blind children. Results revealed a phonological effect in blind children's reading of single words. Also direct lexical access, from tactual input, proceeded with the same facility for the blind as does visual input for the sighted. (Author)

Tachistoscopic tests to identify three-letter words and simple geometric shapes were administered to 64 Italian children, ages 7-8. Results showed no significant differences in visual perceptual threshold between the two hemifields for either test, which was interpreted as confirming a lesser and not definitely determined lateralization in…

Vocational agriculture instructors have an important role as community leaders. To perform this role, they should strive to show a sincere interest in people and their problems, demonstrate professionalism, assist in making the community a better place to live, and place high priority on community involvement. (SSH)

Statistically significant correlations of .37 and .57 were obtained between infant recognition memory scores obtained at four to seven months and later vocabulary tests of intelligence, for 54 children tested at four and for 39 children seen at seven years, respectively. Obtained values did not vary by sex. (Author/RD)

The predictive power of various cognitive skills at three months of age in terms of later cognitive functioning was examined. Visual habituation and recovery predicted later intellectual functioning at 24 months better than global intelligence or object permanence scores. Changes in cognitive functioning may be a transformation of skills.…