Counseling is a dyadic interaction between client and counselor, in which their cognitive processes influence how they interact and communicate. To investigate the effect that a match of cognitive complexity between counselor and client has upon the counselor's empathy, 9 counselors and 27 clients participated in a study. After 7 weeks of…

Likert-type rating scales were designed and used to help college students perceive, understand, and value the beauty and content of a piece of art. The subjects for the project were 100 college students enrolled in two art appreciation courses at Texas College. Their classification ranged from freshman to senior, with majors mainly in business,…

Although recent reviews of the effectiveness of male versus female leaders reveal little evidence of male superiority, evaluative and perceptual biases (beliefs about what constitutes good leadership, and stereotyped beliefs about men and women) among group members persist. To examine attributional biases against female leaders, 85 college…

To gain insight into the evaluation of college freshman compositions, a study explored the relationship between the personality type of the instructor and the grades assigned to essays written by freshman composition students. The sample comprised 23 college instructors who answered a short questionnaire, graded the same expository essay, and…

A study examined (1) whether organizations "order" the four organizational roles (communication manager, communication liason, media relations specialist, communication technician) that public relations practitioners play, and (2) whether, if roles are hierarchically ordered, practitioners internalize the hierarchy by aspiring to…

Reporters' perceived concern for their editors' news priorities and their own role self-concepts were examined for their effects on how reporters covering the Indiana State Assembly used diverse sources of information. Subjects, 34 reporters and 39 state senators, were surveyed concerning their contacts with each other during the 1982 legislative…

Research efforts to model speech perception in terms of a processing system in which knowledge and processing are distributed over large numbers of highly interactive--but computationally primative--elements are described in this report. After discussing the properties of speech that demand a parallel interactive processing system, the report…

A preliminary classification of methods used during first-year law courses to develop a sense of professional identification among students is presented. Professors' images of lawyers conveyed to students are described based on faculty comments. In addition, informal student interviews were conducted to determine their awareness of this…

This review presents a framework that accommodates static and dynamic approaches to comprehension of students' transfer of knowledge and skill. The review focuses on three sets of variables considered fundamental to students' ability to access intellectual resources in potentially relevant situations: knowledge bases, strategies, and dispositions.…

Although stress related to work has received increased attention in recent years, the role of personality characteristics in mediating job stress has not been systematically investigated. Nonetheless, the perception of work stress and the significance of various sources of support may vary considerably based on individual characteristics.…

Virtually all previous research on the types of tasks that people attempt to accomplish has focused on deductively derived task typologies. This approach has resulted in fruitful research, but has restricted the range of activities considered to be accomplishments. The current study was designed to provide a formal, inductive description of the…

This paper offers a conceptual framework for the intersection of work and family roles based on the constructs of work involvement and family involvement. The theoretical and empirical literature on the intersection of work and family roles is reviewed from two analytical approaches. From the individual level of analysis, the literature reviewed…

There is research support of the hypothesis that engaging in multiple roles yields better health and greater life satisfaction, and there is support of the hypothesis that multiple role involvement leads to symptoms of role strain. No study has employed a comprehensive model to address the impact of multiple roles or attempted to identify…

Past research has shown that those in a subordinate (learner) role are more sensitive to how their leaders (teachers) feel about them than are leaders sensitive to their followers. This study was conducted to further investigate this phenomenon by assigning subjects to be either a boss or an employee. Subjects (N=120) interacted in pairs.…

In 1970, Broverman, Broverman, Clarkson, Rosenkrantz, and Vogel administered a Stereotype Questionnaire to 79 male and female clinically trained psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers. The study concluded that sex bias was demonstrated in that clinicians' trait ascriptions given to the mentally healthy adult person did not differ…