Noting inadequacies in previous conceptualizations of gender, a study analyzed students' descriptions of persons they identify as masculine or feminine and of situations in which these persons and the students themselves seem more or less feminine or masculine. Subjects, 83 male and 100 female undergraduate students in communication or psychology…

Over 400 college students used the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) to describe either a typical, desirable, or ideal man or woman. Findings obtained from Bem's androgeny score are contrasted with those from its component masculinity and femininity scale scores. Recommendations are made for using the component scores as separate variables. (Author/GC)

Women's roles and their impact on the Hispanos' historical past are examined. Three powerful cultural forces which through the centuries have shaped and conditioned women's lives in Iberian societies are considered: "donjuanismo,""marianismo," and the strong Iberian tradition of courtly, romantic love. (NQ)

Presents a study designed to examine the assignment of traits (masculine vs. feminine) to male and female high and low performers in gender-linked jobs. Among the conclusions are that high performance is perceived to be masculine, that men are seen as more powerful than women, and that good performance is viewed as masculine. (GEA)

Evaluates the research conducted on sex roles and perceptions of femininity and masculinity of Hispanic women. Reviews early social and anthropological studies describing the roles of Hispanic women before the advent of the women's movement in the 1960's, continuing with more recent psychosocial studies on male-female roles and allocation of power…

Six different measures of sex typing were administered to 101 children aged three- to five-years-old. Results demonstrate that there is a weak correlation among measures of sex typing. Correlations were higher in magnitude and more numerous for boys than for girls, which suggests the possibility of separate patterns of sex-typed development. (BJV)

Explored the relationships among childhood activities, masculine and feminine characteristics, and career choices among career women and homemakers. Results indicated that childhood participation in sex-typed activities is associated with the adult personality characteristics of masculinity and femininity and adult role choices. (Author/BL)

Female college students were divided into four groups on the basis of achievement level (under- or over-achievement) and sex role orientation (feminine or androgynous). Results showed that women who were androgynous and high in achievement level tended to attribute their success more to ability than did the other groups. (CMG)

Two subgroups of delinquent girls: antisocial offenders and sexual delinquents, were compared to a matched group of nondelinquent girls on the Gough Femininity Scale. Both delinquent groups showed deviant conscious sex roles, the antisocial group having extremely masculine identification and the sexual delinquents slightly exaggerated femininity.…

Because of their racial ambiguity in the United States, Asian Americans have been constructed historically to be both like and unlike Black and White people, and Asian American men have been both hypermasculinized and feminized, just as Asian American women have been both masculinized and hyperfeminized. (SLD)

Concludes that raising awareness of dominance does not necessarily imply the dismissal of dominant group values. States that what is needed is a critical analysis of the complexity, subtlety, and systemic interrelatedness and embeddedness of dominant beliefs, values, and standards in western, democratic societies. (DAJ)

Explored how Irish girls from different social classes negotiated the transition from elementary to secondary education and how their classed and gendered identities were produced and reproduced during the transition. The transition was especially challenging for working class girls who experienced emotional pain and loss in leaving familiar…

This case study of Southeast Asian women in higher education management investigates culture-specific dimensions of "glass ceiling" impediments to career advancement in higher education. Respondents note that despite considerable training and expertise, Asian values and ideologies demand enactment of a construct of Asian femininity that…

Homosexual, bisexual, and transgendered students; effeminate heterosexual males; and masculine heterosexual females are among the most marginalized and harassed in high school. Many develop negative self-concepts, which increases their risk for self-harm and suicide. The origin of this problem is social homophobia, which fuels aggression against…

Two experiments examined toddlers' knowledge of the stereotyping of traditionally feminine and masculine household activities. Results suggest that knowledge about stereotyping adult activities starts to develop by the age of 24 months and common household activities are among the first gender-typed activities included in children's developing…