The purpose of this document is to establish the nation's overall need for biomedical and behavioral research personnel. Dealing with a limited analysis of the current situation rather than with projections, the document provides data, observations, statements of principle and recommendations. Chapter two described training programs -- their development, current levels and estimated levels in FY 1976, and what is known about the utilization of training by former fellows and trainees. Chapter three deals with a number of principles that have guided the Committee. A number of problems emerge when these principles are applied. These problems include; the costs of imbalance of supply and demand; market studies and their limitation; fellowships versus training grants; training grant funds to institutions and to trainees; and the postdoctoral pool. In Chapter four, some significant trends concerning the development and utilization of biomedical and behavioral research personnel are presented, including: graduate enrollments and student support; Ph.D. output 1961-74; research and development expenditures; current number of active researchers. Chapter five provides a brief summary of important points. Appendices contain lists of committees and members; legislative and administrative history of training authorities; some data sources and studies; and a bibliography. (Author/KE)