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ERIC Number: ED391214
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1994-Apr
Pages: 21
Abstractor: N/A
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: N/A
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: N/A
Modern Tools of Propaganda: Television Treatments of National Anthems in the Middle East.
Leidman, Mary Beth
Because of the close proximity of countries in the Middle East, broadcast signals freely cross national boundaries, bringing not always friendly endemic populations into contact with each other through radio and television programming--a fact that has not been lost on the governments which fund broadcasting facilities. National anthems are chauvinistic by design and in the Middle East, the various interpretations aired on national television systems make them become specific carriers of national pride to historically opposing countries. Content analysis was used to explore the broadcast style and design of the national anthems able to be seen in Haifa, Israel, which includes anthems from Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, broadcast on six different stations. All stations broadcast some of their programming in English, and all stations ended their broadcast day with a rendition of their national anthem exactly as it is done in the United States. All the anthems showed similar characteristics including the expected display of flags. However, only the Jordanian stations featured singers and lyrics--all other countries' versions of their anthems were orchestral only. The Jordanian stations featured high school students in western dress singing in one version and soldiers singing in another version; the Lebanese featured land settings of peaceful scenery; and the Israelis featured a visual fly-over of Jerusalem. Mass media students, who usually are confined to studying American media, can benefit from examining foreign media approaches. (Contains 10 references.) (NKA)
Publication Type: Reports - Research; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A