The research reported is an experimental study on the effects of intensified education of Swedish parents of children with amblyopia (dimness of sight without apparent organic defect) on their understanding of the nature of the disease, its origins, and treatment. Parents in the control group (n=60) were exposed to the ordinary information provided at two departments of ophthalmology, whereas parents in the experimental group (n=59), who attended the same clinics, were asked to read an informational booklet on amblyopia and amblyopia-related phenomena. Before these measures were taken, all parents were interviewed about their conceptions of amblyopia, strabismus, and the treatment. Subjects also filled out a questionnaire assessing general and specific attitudes towards disease and treatment (The Health Belief Model). After an interval of 6-8 months, these measures were repeated. Compliance with the regimen were measured after 18 months of treatment through the development of visual acuity of the children. Results reveal a superior understanding among parents in the experimental group. The experimental group also had changed attitudes toward disease and treatment in a direction that would favor compliance more than the control groups. Finally, there was a significant relationship between the parents' knowledge about amblyopia and its treatment and compliance as measured through development of visual acuity. (Author/CR)