The study aims to understand the intricate association between Social Practice Activity (SPA), Students' Involvement (SI), and Sense of Social Responsibility (SSR), and focuses on the following two questions: (1) What is the relationship between SPA, SI and SSR? (2) Does SI have a mediating role in SPA and SSR? The questionnaire was employed in this study, 502 valid questionnaires were received from college students at a vocational university in Shanxi, China. Data were analyzed using the software including SPSS and AMOS, and the specific methods include correlational analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The Bootstrap method mediating effect test was used to test the mediating role of SI between SPA and SSR. The results revealed that there was a significant correlation between SPA, SI and SSR and their dimensions. SI (including rule-based involvement, procedural involvement, and autonomous involvement) has a positive mediating effect between SPA (including activity organization, teacher guidance, and service support) and SSR (including global social responsibility and responsibility of people). This result supports that focus on students' involvement in social practice activities, and combine the creation of an external environment with the promotion of individual involvement.