Poverty alleviation through education is counted as a critical move in China's campaign against poverty, aiming to elevate the education levels of the underprivileged population, halt the intergenerational transmission of poverty, and assist social equity and economic development. This article is a review of the evolution of China's policies on poverty alleviation through education and an encapsulation of its major efforts in this area. Also discussed are the outcomes and challenges of the move. The study finds that it has significantly improved the educational standards in poverty-stricken areas and bolstered the financial states of the disadvantaged persons, while issues, such as the problematic implementation of policies, illegitimate notions of education in the underprivileged, and high turnover in rural teachers, remain. Corresponding suggestions are proposed for further advancement of poverty alleviation through education in China.