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ERIC Number: EJ1469995
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025
Pages: 30
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0020-739X
EISSN: EISSN-1464-5211
Available Date: 0000-00-00
Third-Grade Students' Strategies for Presenting Permutations of Three or Four Objects
Zahra Pourazima1; Vahid Borji2; Hassan Alamolhodaei1
International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, v56 n4 p736-765 2025
The basic notions of combinatorics, including systematic listing and permutations, are important topics of mathematics that are recommended to be learned eventually from elementary schools. However, there is little research in mathematics education regarding elementary students' combinatorial strategies. The purpose of this research is to investigate the third-grade students' strategies for presenting permutations of three or four objects. In a semi-structured interview, 21 third-grade students answered questions related to writing 3-digit and 4-digit numbers and arranging coloured dominoes. At a first glance, many of the students' solutions seemed apparently random, but we designed a coding system and showed each student's response in the form of a matrix and discovered some hidden strategies. We also used the levels of children's combinatorial thinking presented by English (1992) (non-planning, transitional and odometer) as a basic framework to analyse the solution strategies of the participants. We found nine different strategies (mono-solution, incomplete-random, complete-random, cyclical, incomplete-difference-place, complete-difference-place, incomplete-odometer, irregular-odometer and regular-odometer) that students used to present the permutations of numbers and dominoes. We discussed these strategies accompanied by students' responses in detail.
Taylor & Francis. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Early Childhood Education; Elementary Education; Grade 3; Primary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Iran
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: 1Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Department of Applied Mathematics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; 2Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Mathematics Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic