For many students, when considering eligibility for special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the primary (though not only) classification at issue is emotional disturbance (ED). Despite continuing professional controversy concerning the IDEA's definitional criteria for the emotional disturbance…

Online learning continues to expand due to globalization and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, maintaining student engagement in this new normal has become increasingly difficult. Conventional techniques, such as self-reports and manual observations, often fall short of capturing the subtle behaviors that indicate attentiveness. This emphasizes the…

Mathematical games are widely used in primary school classrooms, yet the activities that are labelled as "games" vary considerably in their structure, cognitive demands, and potential to support student reasoning. This conceptual paper offers a typology that distinguishes between pseudo-games, superficial games, gamification, and…

Applications of polytomous IRT models in applied fields (e.g., health, education, psychology) are abound. However, little is known about the impact of the number of categories and sample size requirements for precise parameter recovery. In a simulation study, we investigated the impact of the number of response categories and required sample size…

This study explored student engagement typology in Chinese universities and examined variations in the ability development across student types. Using data generated by a survey study covering 8461 undergraduate students at 53 Chinese universities, this research applied latent profile analysis to construct a Chinese student engagement typology. We…

Educational feedback is a crucial factor in the student's learning journey, as through it, students are able to identify their areas of deficiencies and improve self-regulation. However, the literature shows that this is an area of great dissatisfaction, especially in higher education. Providing effective feedback becomes an increasingly…

Research in science education has established the significance of collaborative concept mapping as a powerful strategy in fostering conceptual learning. During such collaboration, students talk about concept map features (i.e., concepts to include, linking words, and cross-links) in constructing a joint map. The quality of the concept map produced…

The author of this article describes an exercise for introductory economics courses in which students are exposed to the breadth of economic study using JEL codes. JEL codes have historically been used to classify economic subject matter and ultimately document the ever-evolving scope of economics. This discussion assignment provides an…

This non-experimental causal-comparative study aims to explore the possible effect of expertise on learning experience design (LXD) deviation identification and the classification of these deviations in alignment with provided learning experience design constructs within a learning technology. Additionally, this study challenges Nielsen's (1993)…

Shadowing is the act of vocalizing the speech one is listening to as simultaneously as possible. The primary function of shadowing is learners' listening skill and pronunciation skill development. Despite the importance of second language (L2) listening skills, this pedagogical technique has not received focal attention in the field. In this…

Creative thinking transforms existing information, either from long-term memory or external sources, into new representations and innovative ideas. Creative thinking is an activity that processes received information to produce new representations and innovative ideas. Developing this skill is essential for students; however, recent research has…

Latent class analysis (LCA) refers to techniques for identifying groups in data based on a parametric model. Examples include mixture models, LCA with ordinal indicators, and latent class growth analysis. Despite its popularity, there is limited guidance with respect to decisions that must be made when conducting and reporting LCA. Moreover, there…

We present a bias-adjusted three-step estimation approach for multilevel latent class models (LC) with covariates. The proposed approach involves (1) fitting a single-level measurement model while ignoring the multilevel structure, (2) assigning units to latent classes, and (3) fitting the multilevel model with the covariates while controlling for…

How to work with older children has been ongoing question in Australian School Age Care (SAC) for over 30 years. Children aged 10-12 years are often spoken of as a problematic Other whose pose a risk to the younger children who attend SAC in higher proportions. This article aims to address the gap in research about what practices might work with…

Artificial intelligence (AI) and data science (DS) are receiving a lot of attention in various fields. In the educational field, the need for education utilizing AI and DS is also being emerged. In this context, we have created an AI/DS integrating program that generates a compound classification/regression model using characteristics of compounds…