A study was made of the problem of representing the expectations of mean squares associated with analysis of variance sources of variation for experimental designs. These designs have a factorial structure over repeated measures or, for some other reason, have variates within a factorial design not all of which are mutually independent. A simple…

The Fisher Exact Probability Test considers independent groups and dichotomous criterion in a 2 by 2 (fourfold) contingency table. Fisher's test requires a determination of the combined probability of the observed frequency distribution and of the more extreme (in the same direction) frequency distributions. Typically, Fisher's test is for a small…

Since at least 1897, educational researchers have reported, with great frequency, "no significant differences" with respect to studies investigating the effects on educational outcomes of various treatments, suggesting that many educational variables are relatively impotent. A possible reason for at least many of the no-difference findings may lie…

The power of the t, expected normal scores, Mann-Whitney U, Tukey, a modified Mann-Whitney U, and an adaptive procedure were investigated when sampling from population models empirically developed from test score distributions. The models used were selected members of the beta family. This investigation was unique in that not only did the means of…

Researchers have long been aware that "pretest sensitization" is a potential threat to the external validity of experimental studies. Only recently, however, has it been suggested that "posttest sensitization" might also limit the generalizability of results. This latter phenomenon would exist to the extent that the effects of…

Multivariate models are demonstrated to analyze repeated measures profile and growth curve data when univariate or multivariate mixed model assumptions are not tenable. Standard mixed model tests are recovered from certain multivariate hypotheses. The procedures are illustrated using numerical examples. (Author/RC)

A self-study manual for students on coping with test-taking anxiety is presented along with a commentary by its author. The manual is designed for use in conjunction with videotapes and practice of anxiety management techniques in a computer-guided practice test-taking session. The manual is part of a program designed to provide a regularly…

Testing is a commonly used method of evaluating student achievement. In addition, results from testing are often intended to be useful as feedback to the student, helping him to identify his areas of achievement and deficiency. In a typical class, a test on a given unit is administered once at a time when it is believed most students should be…

Teachers need more help from school counselors, school psychologists, and testing programs. Summary profiles are an excellent way to quickly and pithily communicate information. The profile included is applicable to Wechsler Scales: WISC, WBI, WBII, and WAIS. In part, the profile is also applicable to the WPPSI. (Author)

Performance contracting, and some reservations thereto, are discussed as related to the present movement. The reservations are related to: (1) Accountability; (2) Individualized Teaching; (3) Extrinsic Rewards; (4) Testing; and (5) The Corruption of Both Language and the Process of Education. (DB)

Multiple matrix sampling is a psychometric procedure in which a set of test items is subdivided randomly into subtests of items with each subtest administered to different subgroups of examinees selected at random from the examinee population. Although each examinee receives only a proportion of the complete set of items, the statistical model…

The theory and practice of education have been profoundly influenced since 1900 by the educational research and the educational testing movements. These movements deserve greatly increased historical research. Many current innovations in education have been tried in the past and found wanting. Study of the pioneer educational researches reveals…

To resolve a recent controversy between Klein and Cleary and Levy, a model for dichotomous congeneric items is presented which has mean errors of zero, dichotomous true scores that are uncorrelated with errors, and errors that are mutually uncorrelated. (Author)

Developed by the National Consortia for Bilingual Education, this list of tests representing 72 Title VII projects includes commercially published tests, tests developed by the projects themselves, and tests designed by other entities such as educational laboratories, school districts, and state agencies. Each test is described in terms of the…

The stability of eight attachment behaviors was investigated in two samples of infants. One sample observed at 10 and 14 months of age, the other sample at 14 and 18 months. For each testing period, the infants were observed during two sessions: (a) in the presence of the mother; and (b) before, during, and after a brief separation experience.…