This essay suggests that Wittgenstein's philosophy can be read as an example of what Hadot and Foucault call spiritual practices, and it uses that reading to cast light on the way certain experiences can change one's life. These experiences could as simple as reading a book or even, as might be the case with Thoreau, living alone by a pond. The…

This paper revisits the admixture of secular and spiritual aspects in Bildung. It aims at re-examining the intimate relations between the secular, rational and enlightened educational ideals, which were invested in the formation of the Bildung concept at the turn of the eighteenth century, and the religious, and mystical foundations of these…

The beneficial effects of exercise on cognition are well established; however specific exercise parameters regarding the frequency and duration of physical activity that provide optimal cognitive health have not been well defined. Here, we explore the effects of the duration of exercise and sedentary periods on long-term object location memory…

Preschool is a critical period for children. They need to develop a variety of skills (e.g., social and emotional skills, cognitive skills, motor skills) that are important for their development between the ages of 3 and 5. Dramatic play provides children with safe environments that allow them to learn and practice those important skills as it…

Background: Advances in knowledge of how to promote positive youth development (PYD) have significant potential to enrich intervention science. As part of a broader movement in the direction of a more fully integrated intervention science, PYD intervention research can provide practitioners in youth behavioral and mental health with an updated set…

Background: Overall, youth well-being is crucial, particularly in developmental contexts, such as sub-Saharan Africa, which is experiencing the largest growth in the youth population internationally. The Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework considers the importance of positive experiences, positive relationships and positive environments…

Error correction procedures are remedial strategies presented following an incorrect response that increases the probability that a correct response will occur in the future. Error correction is commonly used during skill acquisition programs for children with developmental disabilities; however, the specific strategy used may differ considerably.…

There is ample evidence of racial and gender bias in young children, but thus far this evidence comes almost exclusively from children's responses to a single social category (either race or gender). Yet we are each simultaneously members of many social categories (including our race and gender). Among adults, racial and gender biases intersect:…

We evaluated preference for and efficacy of distributed and accumulated response--reinforcer arrangements during discrete-trial teaching for unmastered tasks. During the distributed arrangement, participants received 30-s access to a reinforcer after each correct response. During accumulated arrangements, access was accrued throughout the work…

Hands convey important social information, such as an individual's emotions, goals, and desires, are used to direct attention through pointing, and are a major organ for haptic perception. However, very little is known about infants' representation of human hands. In Experiment 1, infants tested in a familiarization/novelty preference task…

The landscape of professional development and learning knowledge has expanded steadily over the last few decades. Accompanying this expansion, the field's lexicon has widened, to include terms such as 'situated' learning and learning 'in situ', which incorporate recognition that professional learning and development occur as part-and-parcel of…

This paper explores experiences of becoming a "curriculum maker of community" as part of the University of Alberta's Building Peaceful Communities Summer Institute, held annually over a two-week period each July. Prompted by the experience in 2018, the author explores the ways in which curriculum can be co-composed as a community of…

Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during sleep improves memory consolidation. However, it is still unknown whether TMR also benefits memory in real-life conditions. We tested whether TMR during sleep enhances Dutch-German vocabulary learning when applied during multiple nights at home in an unsupervised fashion. During 3 consecutive nights, 66…

This paper examines the official pedagogic discourse communicating the explicit inclusion of Mental Health (MH) education in Singapore's revised 2021 Character and Citizenship (CCE2021) curriculum within Singapore's state-driven educational context of decentralised centralism. By adapting Basil Bernstein's theoretical work on pedagogic discourse…

The negative effect of poverty on children's cognitive development has been proven, but few studies have examined the potential role of perceived poverty discrimination on poor children's cognitive development. This study investigated the effect of perceived discrimination on executive function, the mediating effect of self-esteem and the…