The use of "bias elimination procedures" to reduce the racial bias of test items is discussed. These procedures were forwarded by G. R. Anrig (1988) and R. L. Linn and F. Drasgow (1987). Anrig stated that subjects who "know the same amount about a test item" should have a similar chance of answering it correctly…

An accepted criterion for gauging the fairness of examinees' scores, derived from judge-awarded ratings, has been the size of the correlation between the judges and the inter-rater reliability. Various means of achieving inter-rater reliability were reviewed, and a model to measure inter-rater reliability is forwarded. Both theoretical and…

This document is a guide to counseling software. It presents overviews on the state of development of counseling and human services software in five major topic areas including personal counseling, career counseling, academic advising, testing and administration. It provides factual and up-to-date descriptions of over 500 counseling-relevant…

The paper describes the development and use of a General Evaluation Matrix (GEM), a profile technique by which major handicaps are graphically presented along with school grades and achievements in basic skills. The approach lends itself to establishing entry level criteria for special education suited to the needs of specific communities.…

Recent emphasis on stricter educational accountability measures has resulted in a profusion of educational and psychological tests available in today's market. This ERIC Digest has been prepared to meet educators' needs to find information about tests quickly and easily. Three resources discussed are the Test Collection database, the Mental…

This study applies a procedure which yields estimates of true score change on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) adjusted for regression effects and student self-selection. It is shown that student self-selection in deciding to repeat an admissions test probably involves factors in addition to the measurement error attributable to variations in…

This paper is concerned with estimation and hypothesis testing of treatment effects in nonequivalent control group designs with the assumption that in the absence of treatment effects, natural growth conforms to a particular class of continuous growth models. Point estimation, interval estimation, and hypothesis testing procedures were developed…

This paper discusses four criteria for selecting covariates when utilizing the analysis of covariance in quasiexperimental research: completeness, causation, independence, and fallibility. Completeness is the extent to which the known or suspected sources of bias are accounted for by covariates used in an experiment. Causation is the requirement…

The mathematical extension from scalars to matrices as a prerequisite for univariate to multivariate generalizations of statistical concepts and methods is discussed. One reason for several alternative techniques is the multitude of ways to generalize from univariate concepts to multivariate concepts. The additional complexity, and lack of…

The present investigation developed power curves for two parametric and two nonparametric procedures for testing the equality of population variances. Both normal and non-normal distributions were considered for the two group design with equal and unequal sample frequencies. The results indicated that when population distributions differed only in…

Two types of objective questions are compared: the multiple choice item, in which one and only one of several stated alternatives is correct for a given initial statement, and the multiple true-false item, where the stem is followed by several completions of which one or more can be correct. (DT)

Proposes that the ways in which professors test and grade largely determines what and how their students learn. (Editor/PG)

Science is often referred to, particularly in curriculum documents, as one way of knowing, one way of describing, classifying, and understanding our universe. For students to become scientifically literate, they need "to engage in the discourses … about science" (Eastwell, 2002), so developing an understanding of the nature of science…