The assumption that "ideal" text grammars are valid descriptions of the schemata used by children to organize their recall of text was challenged in a study involving 150 elementary school children. The children, all with above-average reading ability, were classified as having one of three types of schemata: theme-initial (identifying…

One perspective for literary analysis assumes certain divisions of language, grammar, and "worlds of discourse." The worlds that language can express are the phenomenal, extensional, intensional, and alternate systems. Within these contexts, certain linguistic features universally affect responses to the world created and the language used. One…

The relationship between anaphoric nominal substitution and reading comprehension was studied. The Diagnostic Reading Test and the Substitution Test were administered to 80 college juniors, seniors, and graduate students in teacher certification courses, and to 92 college freshmen seeking assistance in improving their reading skills. Positive and…

A REACTION TO SISTER MARY EDWARD DOLAN'S ARTICLE, "EFFECTS OF A MODIFIED LINGUISTICS AND WORD RECOGNITION PROGRAM ON FOURTH-GRADE READING ACHIEVEMENT," WHICH APPEARED IN THE "READING RESEARCH QUARTERLY" AND WHICH DESCRIBES THE RESULTS OF A 3-YEAR EXPERIMENT IN TEACHING READING WITH A BASAL SYSTEM TO A CONTROL GROUP OF 10 CLASSROOMS AND TEACHING…

LANGUAGES SHOW CHARACTERISTIC DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY IN WHICH THEY ORGANIZE OBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE AND THESE DIFFERENCES ARE REFLECTED IN THE FORMAL AND SEMANTIC PATTERNING OF EACH LANGUAGE. A CONTRASTIVE APPROACH TO LANGUAGE LEARNING WHICH PAYS PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO POINTS OF FORMAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELEMENTS OF THE NATIVE…

A STUDY WAS MADE TO CONFIRM CERTAIN OBSERVATIONS ABOUT SPANISH INTONATION PATTERNS, ESPECIALLY THOSE THAT PRESENT A STRIKING CONTRAST WITH ENGLISH INTONATION PATTERNS. TWENTY-FIVE SPANISH SENTENCES ILLUSTRATING PARTICULAR INTONATION PATTERNS WERE PREPARED, AND 25 STUDENTS, WHO HAD HAD AN AVERAGE OF FOUR SEMESTERS IN SPANISH, RECORDED THEM. THE…

BASED ON A LECTURE GIVEN AT THE UNIV. OF TEXAS SCIENCE CONFERENCE, NOV. 20, 1964, THIS PAPER PRESENTS IN RELATIVELY NON-TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY A DESCRIPTION OF THE "STRUCTURAL" APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE WHICH UNDERLIES THE WORK OF THE LINGUISTICS RESEARCH CENTER. THIS APPROACH ANALYZES LANGUAGE IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT CAN BE MANIPULATED WITH…

A SEQUENCE TO THE PROGRAM BEGUN IN EARLIER GRADES (1-6) IS OFFERED. IT IS INTENDED ALSO TO GIVE THE BEGINNING SPANISH STUDENT THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN BASIC FUNCTIONAL SPANISH. MATERIALS PRESENTED ARE REPETITIONS OF VOCABULARIES AND EXPRESSIONS OF EARLIER GRADES, BUT THE TEACHING APPROACH IS GEARED TO REALISTIC SITUATIONS WHICH INVOLVE STUDENT…

IT IS URGED THAT THE TEACHER BE FAMILIAR WITH THE LANGUAGE PATTERNS OF HIS PUPILS. A CASE IS CITED IN WHICH A TEACHER ATTEMPTED TO TEACH ROMANTIC POETRY TO A CLASS OF TEENAGERS. THEY RESPONDED WITH BOREDOM. A POEM BY LANGSTON HUGHES ENTITLED, "MOTTO," EXPRESSED IN "JIVE" LANGUAGE WAS INTRODUCED TO THE SAME CLASS AND IMMEDIATELY…

AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF INCREASING THE SUPPLY OF IDEAS FOR TEACHING DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN WAS CONSIDERED. A BASIC PROBLEM IN WORKING WITH DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN IS THAT OF OVERCOMING THEIR RESTRICTED, CONTENT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE STYLE. WORKING CLASS CHILDREN USUALLY INTERPRET THINGS AROUND THEM AS SIMPLE, CONCRETE, DISCONNECTED, ISOLATED…

A CONFERENCE WAS HELD TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDY OF LANGUAGES OTHER THAN ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, RUSSIAN, AND SPANISH. DISCUSSIONS WERE CENTERED ON (1) DETERMINING CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF NEGLECTED LANGUAGES WORTHY OF INCREASED STUDY, (2) SELECTING A LIST OF LANGUAGES MEETING THE CRITERIA, (3) A…

A NATIONWIDE SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED OF MODERN LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION CURRICULUMS. FOUR TYPES OF QUESTIONNAIRES WERE DEVELOPED FOR (1) LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES, (2) TEACHERS COLLEGES, (3) GRADUATE SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, AND (4) GRADUATE SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION, AND ADDRESSED TO 1,058 OF THESE INSTITUTIONS. A TOTAL OF 758 REPORTED THAT THEY…

The first part of this essay argues specifically that legal speech acts are not statements but question/answer constructions. The focus in this section is on the underlying interrogative structure of the legal decision. The second part of the paper touches on significant topics related to the concept of legal speech acts, including the philosophic…

This is the first in a series of self-instructional modules dealing with common English idioms, and is intended for use in the learning of English as a foreign language. The idioms were selected for frequency and usage in up-to-date usage in North America. The situations in which the idioms appear are in authentic conversational English, many of…

Readability estimates are usually based on measures of word difficulty and measures of sentence difficulty. Word difficulty is measured in two ways: by the structural size and complexity of words or by reference to phonomena of language use, such as word-list frequency or the regularity of spelling patterns. Sentence difficulty is measured only in…