Author describes a class discussion and class activities in which students considered the rituals people develop to help themselves concentrate and do serious work. (RW)

Based on a five-year study of 15 mothers who gave birth to a stillborn or lost their baby in the first 24 hours, this is a preliminary report of ways women and significant people around them cope with loss of their wished-for child, and occasions of vulnerability. (Author)

This paper describes a two-stage sampling design for obtaining probability samples of the elderly and other specialized populations. Results indicate elderly individuals will respond, use of the design does not appear to increase sample bias, and the method is extremely inexpensive. (Author)

Smokers (N = 90) were assigned to 10 treatment conditions; another 20 smokers were included in a no-apply control group. The treatment effects of aversive conditioning were negligible, and in some instances they were surpassed by the effects of controls for nonspecific treatment factors and placebo effects. (Author)

Compared a broad-spectrum treatment against a control limited to one week of aversive conditioning. Results indicated a dramatic treatment effect, with 76 percent of experimental subjects (as compared to 35 percent of controls) remaining abstinent at a six-month follow-up. (Author)

It was hypothesized that unhappily married couples would show a deficit in problem solving by indicating significantly more unresolved problems and would indicate less involvement with one another in both elective free-time activities and shared sexuality. All hypotheses were confirmed. (Author)

High and low general-self-esteem subjects performed a series of anagrams on which they either appeared to succeed or fail or received little evaluative feedback. Their persistence at a subsequent set of anagrams was assessed. Following initial failure low-self-esteem subjects persisted less than high-self-esteem subjects. (Author)

Verified the relationship between affective states and visual behavior in nonpsychotics. Elated individuals engaged in more total eye contact and had longer but less frequent eye-contact gazes than normals and depressed subjects had less total eye contact and had fewer eye-contact gazes than individuals in a neutral affective state. (Author)

Clarifies the nature of communication avoidance through a structural analysis grounded in facet theory. Presents evidence for a duplex model of avoidance in which theoretical distinctions among modalities of approach-avoidance and context proved empirically relevant. Discusses implications of these findings for the explication, treatment, and…

Measures sixth-grade students' monetary practices in three areas: methods of obtaining money, money-handling practices, and consumer practices. (HOD)

Surveyed 121 undergraduates on their alcohol use. Respondents indicated that if they were having an alcohol or drug problem, they would turn to a friend for help. Students who belonged to two or more college organizations were found to have light to moderate drinking patterns. Suggests strategies for deterring misuse of alcohol. (Author/NB)

Asserts that the study of human behavior is the study of social interaction. Describes a theoretical perspective from sociology and shows how it relates to the alcoholic family. Analyzes the dynamics within a family affected by alcoholism to examine who has the power, who maintains control, how one loses power, and how power is exhibited. (NB)

Analyzes data on White attitudes toward Blacks, 1942-1985, to test Myrdal's hypothesis that racial bigotry in America would diminish as the South became more industrialized, urban, and literate. Discusses findings in relation to dominant ideologies, the gap between attitudes held by Blacks and Whites on levels of life satisfaction, and White…

The article presents case studies of two males with Attention Deficit Disorder when first referred for clinical evaluation as children with follow-up at age 21. Results indicated consistency in behavior patterns and differences between subjects at referral predicted outcomes as adults. (Author/DB)