In this issue's "Ethical Challenges" column, commentators share their views of how evaluators might respond to specific problematic situations, linking their analyses to the principles and standards they believe are most relevant to the case. Not surprisingly, the perspectives that commentators offer are not always in agreement. When…

Findings show that both positive and negative mood may hinder or promote information processing. In two experiments, we show that negative mood impairs transfer effects and learning. In the first experiment, N = 54 participants drawn from a training course for the Swiss Corps of Fortification Guards first learned to solve the three- and four-disk…

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) whose behaviour challenges services are at increased risk of placement breakdown. Most previous research has tended to focus on the role of individual characteristics in predicting breakdown. A small number of studies have suggested that service variables may impact on intervention…

This article describes the teacher's role in promoting mathematical thinking and problem solving in the classroom--identifying critical teacher actions and decisions; considering how beliefs influence the teacher's actions and decisions; and suggesting implications for teachers and students.

An exercise based on images that might shift the balance in favor of students who have superior visual perception and possibly those with language problems and specific learning disabilities, was reviewed. The pictorial format of learning exercise not only increased the students' performance, but also helped students with specific learning…

Boys Town, founded in 1917 by Father Edward Flanagan, attempts to respond to the challenges faced by today's children and youth with its own child care model, called the Boys Town Family Home Program. This model is based on family-style nurturing, behavioral-based instruction, and a "systems" approach to staff training and development.…

This paper examines the use of corporal punishment in public schools. It presents a brief history of corporal-punishment practices and explains why corporal punishment remains a legal means of control in the schools of 23 states in the United States. Opponents of corporal punishment argue that it should be abolished from schools because it models…

The African American population has made remarkable progress since the 1960s, but recent trends may derail the progress of many American blacks. Compared to previous years, United States blacks, who number 30 million in 1991, are more educated, earn higher salaries, work in more prestigious jobs, and participate more fully in politics. However,…

This document describes a practicum designed to increase elementary school parents' implementation of academic and/or social skills recommendations from a school psychologist who performed psychoeducational evaluations. It notes that, when students were referred to the school psychologist, the psychologist would perform an evaluation, interpret…

This survey assesses the status of homelessness among families in cities. The data were collected from city officials during April 1987. The findings include the following: (1) the number of homeless families increased by 31 percent during the last two years; (2) families represented one-third of the homeless and a single parent headed two-thirds…

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature regarding some of the past practices of discipline and to explore the changes in discipline that have been made in our schools, the alternatives that have resulted, and a specific approach--in-school suspension--that has taken root in contemporary education as a result of this change. A review…

Third-party intervention is increasingly recognized as an effective means of settling social, institutional, community, and interpersonal disputes. Traditionally, mediation efforts have been directed toward conflicts involving labor/management relations. Since the 1960s, however, mediation efforts have also been applied to situations involving…

A study examined the role of electroencephalograms (EEGs) in vocational counseling. A total of sixth-eight subjects, fifty of whom were under twenty and seventeen of whom were between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-nine, were referred for EEGs after being diagnosed as having concentration and learning difficulties. Various members of this group…

Attitudinal data were collected on 606 teachers in the fall of 1978 and 426 teachers in the spring of 1979 concerning the prospects of solving, by the year 2000, problems of energy, pollution, hunger, threat of nuclear war, and teacher potential for influencing changes for the better in world conditions. The attitudes of the two groups were…

The purpose of this paper is to help school administrators look seriously at one of the biggest school problems--discipline. The author examines those factors that seem to cause student misbehavior--factors having their origin in both the home and the school. Believing that the best way to handle discipline problems is through prevention rather…