A NEW CURRICULUM OF CODING GAMES WAS DEVELOPED FOR BEGINNING READERS. THE CURRICULUM'S CONTENT EMPHASIZED TEACHING THE CHILD TO DECODE LETTERS INTO SOUNDS THAT REPRESENT LANGUAGE. THE PURPOSE WAS TO SHOW THE CHILD THE REASONABLENESS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WRITING AND SPEECH. THE CODING GAMES BEGAN WITH AN EMPHASIS ON LANGUAGE AND THE VARIOUS…

THE WRITTEN AND SPOKEN LANGUAGE STRUCTURE OF FOURTH- AND SIXTH-GRADERS WAS ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN VARIABLES. DATA WERE OBTAINED FOR 300 CHILDREN WHO WERE ORGANIZED INTO 3 GROUPS--WHITE CHILDREN IN GRADES 4 AND 6, AND NEGRO CHILDREN IN GRADE 4. COMPARISONS WERE MADE BETWEEN THE LANGUAGE OF THE GROUPS, TYPES, SEX, GRADES,…

One hundred and twenty kindergarten and second grade children from 3 different language environments (40 Mexican Spanish-speaking children from Monterrey, Mexico, and 40 Chicano Spanish-speaking children and 40 English-speaking children from the same public elementary school in Houston, Texas) were given a perceptual matching test and a verbal…

Most studies of language acquisition overlook the fact that a child learns language in the context of acquiring the social skill of conversing known as "turn-taking." The few studies of verbal turn-taking in children suggest that prosodic features (suprasegmentals) and turn-taking skills are integrated by the age of two years, nine months, and…

This paper attempts to give a unified view of the workings of noun clauses. These are considered according to three main types corresponding to three different kinds of source sentences. All three types can be used in any usual noun-phrase function, especially subject, direct object, and prepositional object. Four factors which complicate the…

Drawing on recent research on sexism in English and the ways in which social forces affect language structure, this paper shows how prescriptive statements about English have been incorporated into linguistic grammars as descriptions of language. It is claimed that Chomsky's "universal grammar" is masculinist and that it is contradicted…

The work reported here is part of an ongoing project to develop a language comprehension assessment instrument that: (1) is sensitive enough to pinpoint the particular language phenomena that are causing difficulty or have not been mastered, and (2) is also broad enough in scope to provide a credible and useful description of language proficiency.…

Item writing methods for criterion referenced tests in the cognitive domain are reviewed. The methods are classified on a continuum from informal-subjective to automated-objective. Examples of approaches to improving instructional objectives are given. Domain-based tests are derived from content specifications and five approaches are described:…

A glossary of commonly used grammatical terms that would be useful to students and teachers of French is presented here. Although not complete, it offers basic definitions in English of grammatical forms and functions as well as examples in French of each term defined. The definitions cover parts of speech, grammatical functions, sentences,…

The first of four documents assesses the state of the art in the area of speech and language intervention for preschool handicapped children. It is explained in an introductory chapter that the report is designed to furnish an overview of existing programs and procedures which exemplify the field and identify critical issues which currently exist…

IN A RESEARCH STUDY IN SMALL GROUP INQUIRY, AN ANALYSIS WAS MADE OF THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE BEHAVIOR AND LANGUAGE STYLE OF LOWER-CLASS NEGRO AND MIDDLE-CLASS WHITE YOUTHS. ELEVEN INNER-CITY NEGRO GROUPS AND SEVEN SUBURBAN WHITE GROUPS OF 15- TO 19-YEAR-OLD YOUTHS MET SEPARATELY ONCE A WEEK FOR 10 WEEKS. IN ADDITION TO…

This report presents some of the findings of several years research on the relations between the non-standard English used by Negro speakers in various urban ghetto areas (NNE) and standard English (SE). The immediate subject is the status of the copula and auxiliary "be" in NNE. The approach to the problem combines the methods of…

Beginning chapters of this volume define language and describe the sound, stress, and intonation systems of English. The body of the text explores extensively morphology, phonetics, phonemics, and the process of communication. Individual chapters detail such topics as morphemes, syntactic devices, grammatical systems, phonemic problems in language…

Cross-cultural training for teachers of English to Navajo children is necessary because many concepts are not shared by both English and Navajo cultures. In addition, phonological, grammatical, and structural features constitute areas of wide divergence between the two languages. Similar letters and combinations of letters vary in placement and…

Error analysis is considered both a part of the methodology for the psycholinguistic investigation of the second language acquisition process as well as a part of the teaching-learning methods and materials re-evaluation process. The language acquisition process is a dynamic process governed by the principles of hypothesis formulation, testing and…