Observed infants' responses in a food-requested procedure to explore their understanding of other people's desires. Found that only the 18-month-olds were able to engage in some form of desire reasoning. Children not only inferred that another person held a desire, but also recognized how desires were related to emotions and understood something…

A study of 571 Australian children (ages 4-18) with mental retardation investigated potential behavioral risk factors for injury. Results found the prevalence of potential injury risk behaviors to be higher than for typical children and that the behavioral injury risk patterns reflected those seen in younger aged typical children. (Author/CR)

Two studies involving 98 prisoners and 92 undergraduates examined whether increased attention to interpersonal behaviors would improve assessments of the personality core underlying psychopathology. Twenty-one items were developed as the Interpersonal Measure of Psychopathology. Measurement of interpersonal behavior appears to improve prediction…

The dimensionality of the Measure of Ingratiatory Behaviors in Organizational Settings (MIBOS) (K. Kumar and M. Beyerlein, 1991) was studied with data from 203 state government employees. Results do not confirm the factor solution proposed by the measure's creators. Suggestions are offered to improve the psychometric properties of the MIBOS scale.…

Two studies investigated self-injurious behavior (SIB) in a man with profound disabilities. Results indicated that the rate of SIB varied depending on contextual conditions and behavioral state, and a treatment plan that involved manipulation of the environment depending on behavioral states and the use of Fluphenazine reduced SIB. (Author/ CR)

When teachers identified the reactive behavior patterns of 100 gifted adolescents, they classed 74% as aggressive dependent, influenced by compulsive and hysteric traits; 89.8% of the girls were thus labeled. Results raise the question of whether gifted programs seem to target only students who meet certain behavior standards. (SK)

Notes that short-term exposure to nonviolent sexual media stimuli can produce cognitive changes in men which can affect their behavior toward women. Explores differences among these behavioral effects in a group of male and female undergraduate students based upon sexual degradation in film content and male viewers' gender schematicity. Discusses…

Public reactions to the September 11 terrorist attacks have ranged from shock, fear, and anger to group profiling and acts of violent retribution. Suggests that the cycle of terrorism requires perspective and reflection so that educational anthropologists can facilitate, through education, more useful understandings of the phenomenon of terrorism.…

This study compared 40 high-frequency and 40 low-frequency daydreamers from a group of hearing-impaired college students. The study analyzed daydreaming frequency, where daydreaming takes place, central characters in daydreams, continuity of daydream themes, time tense of daydreams, existence of an imaginary companion as a child, discussion of…

The paper points out research showing that entrepreneurs can be described as mildly sociopathic. It argues that further empirical research in this area is needed and outlines a proposal to survey 300 entrepreneurs and a control sample to further understand the nature of entrepreneurial behavior. (JDD)

The paper presents a conceptual model depicting proposed antecedents of entrepreneurial behavior, and applies the model to a case example of a company called Q.M.S. The model encompasses: personality characteristics, values, and behavioral orientations of the individual; organizational environment/structure; entrepreneurial role models; and the…

Explored possible gender differences in clothes-shopping behavior among adolescents. Findings from 387 college students revealed that: parents financially assisted sons and daughters equally; there was no gender difference in shopping frequency; mothers more frequently shopped with sons than with daughters; fathers rarely shopped with any…

Studied social interactions of intellectually normal Head Start children, children with low rates of social interaction, children diagnosed as socially-emotionally handicapped, and socially normal, nonhandicapped children. All groups differed on peer interactions, positive social initiations, and reciprocity rule. (Author/BB)

Teachers who regularly "enable" or rescue students are inadvertently reinforcing irresponsible behaviors that undermine students' self-esteem. This article discusses how and why "enabling" occurs in schools, how it affects students, and how "codependent" adults can minimize behaviors allowing students to avoid responsibilities and opportunities…

Administered two death anxiety measures and personality questionnaire to 161 undergraduates. Results revealed that death anxiety scores were significantly related to neuroticism and to Type A behavior patterns, such that high death anxiety was correlated with greater emotionality and more aggressiveness. Neuroticism, Type A behaviors,…