This article reviews literature on the responses of direct care staff to challenging behaviors of individuals with mental retardation. The paper constructs a behavior analytic description of the functions of care staff behavior in relation to their clients' challenging behaviors, draws a distinction between contingency-shaped and rule-governed…

Comparison of scores on the Child Behavior Checklist of 1,120 Flemish and 1,122 Dutch children, aged 6 to 12 years, found no differences between groups on total problem scores, higher scores for Dutch children on the Activities scale, and higher scores for Flemish children on the School scale. (DB)

Questionnaires documenting self-injurious behavior (SIB) among 113 elementary students were returned by 21 London schools. Cluster analysis found patterns of behavior associated with each other, indicating that SIB may not be a homogeneous condition but may comprise a number of distinct syndromes depending on sex, age, mobility, communication…

Examined selected problem-solving behaviors of school-age children and their parents in dyadic and triadic contexts. Parent-child interactions revealed sex-of-parent and sex-of-child differences as a function of problem-solving contexts. (Author/BB)

A survey of 97 teacher education students investigated perceptions of peers' cheating behaviors, perceived maturity level of the persons most likely to cheat, and degree to which respondents felt cheaters "neutralized" their cheating behaviors. Results indicate that, although cheating is not seen as a major problem, perceived neutralization and…

Argues that there are two types of values held by all individuals. Contends that "hard" values are exemplified by consistent behavior and sacrifice whereas "soft" values are merely illustrated by making choices. Calls for a national consensus on recommended values that would be taught in the schools. (CFR)

Challenges Christopher Ormell's contention that individual values should be categorized into "hard" and "soft" values. Suggests that a continuum exists between the two extremes representing the degree of difficulty and sacrifice. Recommends that values education in schools be based on a continuum ranging between the two…

Children with mental retardation (n=32) and their younger nonretarded siblings were observed interacting in the home setting. Interactions were characterized by accentuated role asymmetries that favored the younger sibling. Competence of the mentally retarded child reliably predicted sibling role asymmetries. Gender differences in roles and…

The reliability of visual inspection in single-case research was investigated by determining agreement among 5 judges visually inspecting 44 graphs depicting behavior from baseline to intervention. Agreement between visual inspection and statistical procedures was determined. Implications for single-case research are discussed. (SLD)

Examined effects of reasoning and choice on prosocial behavior of 48 second and third graders enrolled in day camps. Results indicated that the children were more helpful in choice than in no-choice conditions. However, prosocial behavior was most likely when no reasoning was used. (Author/BB)

Defines manipulative behavior and its potentially detrimental impact on helping relationships. Client manipulative behaviors discussed and illustrated include attempting to control conditions of treatment, avoiding engaging in helping process, attempting to gratify needs in helping relationships that are ordinarily gratified for other sources,…

Assessed Type A behavior pattern for 122 teenagers who had heart rate measured during rest and presentation of mental arithmetic stressor under timed and competitive conditions. Examined whether sex, age, task performance, and behavior pattern predicted heart rate reactivitiy. Found no significant main effects for behavior pattern, sex, or age;…

Highlights social-behavior patterns linked to peer relation problems in preadolescent children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Provides a review of evidence suggesting continuation of social problems into adolescence, including two studies' findings of the increased risk for social interaction problems in adolescents with…

Assessed main and collateral effects of the assessment and treatment of attention-maintained self-injury, with regard to four categories of behavior: self-injury, a novel mand, pre-existing prosocial responses, and other aberrant responses. Results suggest that self-injury, prosocial responses, and other abberant behaviors are within the same…

Investigates the incidence and patterns of substance use and predictive risk factors in fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade low-income family Mexican Americans. Results capture patterns of substance use among this population over two years, as well as the relationship between reported risk factors in year one and the use of minor and major substances…