Well-known historical accounts of questioning used in the education process trace back to Socrates. One of the best examples of his use of questioning is found in Plato's classic work "The Republic" (2003). Today, teachers still use questions as one way to help students develop productive thinking skills and to understand concepts and topics.…

The concept of premature discovery in science entails the publication of an important idea which remains uncited for a long period. Thereafter, a deluge of citations of its substance would occur. An overlooked example concerns the discovery in 1963 of how lung cancer cells stimulate the formation of new lymph vessels in man. Subsequently called…

Seen throughout all the goals of education (the development of individuality, self-realization, human relationships, economic efficiency, and civic responsibility), the central purpose of education today is the development of rational powers to create the freedom of mind necessary for dealing with traditional tasks as well as with recent changes.…

The article shows how different cultural groups have different cognitive systems, and states that Western civilization must make reforms in its cognitive system if it is to survive. (RC)

A contrast of two types of literary and theory criticism, negative and generative, points out how criticism can lead to productive work and what kind of criticism is most likely to evoke it. (CB)

The scientific discovery process comes alive for 70 minority students each year at Uniondale High School in New York where students have won top awards for "in-house" projects. Uniondale High School is in a middle-income school district where over 95% of students are from minority groups. Founded in 2000, the Uniondale High School Research Program…

The purpose of this study was to find out how teachers use questions in classroom discourse to scaffold student thinking and help students construct scientific knowledge. The study was conducted in large-class settings where the medium of instruction was English although the students were non-native speakers of the language. Six teachers teaching…

This report investigates improvement of pupils' creative thinking and problem-solving abilities through direct educational efforts. The sample consisted of 739 pupils and their teachers from 36 fifth grade classes in two Indiana public school systems. Five sub-tests from the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking were administered to all teachers to…

Presents rhetorical invention as the process of finding the best available means of persuasion, not as generating the chaos upon which to make order. (DD)

Using questions posed by a gifted 12th-grade girl during an American History class, this article defines the nature of reflective thinking as a search for meaning that involves both imaginative as well as critical, logical thought processes. The author concludes by drawing implications for the education of gifted persons. (Author)

This article examines whether or not we are preparing our children to cope with change by teaching them to think. (PB)

Two cases are cited to suggest that problem-solving has more value for the intellectual development of children when compared to the passive virtue of already knowing the answer. (DW)