Studies the ways in which information disclosed early in a relationship is used to form predictions about probable attitudes of the other person, and subsequent communication behavior as the relationship progresses. (MH)

Low income classrooms demand that teachers supervise and monitor students' seatwork actively and control private interactions with students. Praise and a relaxed climate are more important in low than high income settings. (JD)

The traditional view of academic life is that students undergo recurring patterns of stress. In an attempt to investigate this notion, data were collected from five different student services. A common pattern was found, showing higher rates of stress during the first semester. (Author)

Suggests that violent activities occur not because of reduced self-control, but because cognitive skills and self-control are used through moral justifications and self-exonerative devices in the service of destructive causes. Threats to human welfare are generally brought about by deliberate acts of principle rather than by unrestrained acts of…

Parents from child-abuse and matched-control families were examined for variation of life-change scores, perceptions of physical and emotional health, and punitiveness of their own parents. Abusive parents had higher life-change scores, more numerous perceptions of emotion physical ill health, and more punitive childhoods. (Author)

This study addresses two specific questions: (1) can changes in infant behavior and maternal attitudes be observed as a function of the child's sex, and (2) if so, at what age do the sex differences become observable? (Author/AM)

Research into the police function, suggests that the emphasis on crime-related activities has failed to achieve crime reduction goals and may have exacerbated problems of police-citizen alienation and citizen fear of crime. In the future, police must abandon strategies which prevent extensive contact with citizens. (Author)

This study found that the level of nonverbal behavior had a significant effect on 39 out of 40 ratings made by professional interviewers. Dimensions most influenced by nonverbal behavior were enthusiasm/motivation, confidence in self, and persuasiveness. (Author)

This study investigated similarities and differences of response by male and female counselors-in-training to clients of their own and opposite sex. The Counseling Response Instrument (CRI) was administered to 127 participants. Although different response patterns were found, results were not in the direction of traditional sex-role stereotyping.…

A new model has been emerging that is designed to assist homosexuals to recognize, accept, and value their sexual identity and to help them adjust to this identity in a predominantly heterosexual society. Only a few studies exist that examine the results of this new approach. (Author)

Examines the extent to which the declining affection for the presidency among maturing youth results from increased knowledge about the presidency and about general political and social issues. Findings indicate that as youths' cognitive abilities become more mature, they find it easier to assimilate conflicting information and resist adult…

Teachers should be trained to provide an educational environment encouraging academic and human growth for all students whatever their ethnic background may be. (JD)

From a sample of eighth-grade pupils, 96 class clowns were identified and compared to a sample of 237 nonclown classmates. Clowns were predominantly males, and were seen by their teachers to be higher than nonclowns in Asserting, Unruliness, Attention Seeking, Leadership, and Cheerfulness, and to be lower in Accomplishing. (Author/CP)

Examines whether the use of a particular unit of interaction behavior enhances reliability in interaction analysis research. (Author)