The study explored the effect on kindergarten children of four different presentations of an opportunity to help an adult with a simple task. (Editor/MP)

Results indicated that both gender and previous experience have significant effects. Gender appeared to have a less substantial effect than previous experience, being more noteworthy for the similarities manifest between males and females than the few differences observed. Effects were complex and often mediated by additional factors. (Author)

This study investigated the ability of maritally-adjusted couples (N=12), couples attaining a divorce (N=5), and couples in counseling (N=9) to predict rewarding effects of their behavior on their spouse. The maritally-adjusted group was always more accurate in their predictions, but significantly more accurate only for selected areas of…

Younger (N=48) and older (N=48) males participated in a vocabulary task involving varying degrees of risk under neutral, supportive, and challenging instructions. Results indicated older adults were more cautious, selected tasks with higher probabilities of success, and were less likely to raise their level of aspiration following success. (Author)

Results from a sample of 160 medical and 79 law students revealed that medical students know less about sex and hold less tolerant views towards others' sexual behavior. Evidence of a double standard was not found, but the data reinforce the need for medical sex education to equip doctors with both knowledge and a tolerant attitude. (Author/LBH)

This study related components of gender inappropriateness that isolate target persons from sources of reward and hence function as social controls against such deviance. The study confirmed that a significant portion of negative responsiveness toward homosexuals results from the belief that their behavior is incongruent with their anatomical sex.…

This study determined if interaction effects of selected psychosocial variables could be utilized as indicators of subsequent smoking behavior among youth having never smoked. Results support the hypothesis. Presented at the 49th annual convention of the American School Health Association, Denver, Colorado, 1975. (Author)

High degrees of neighboring were related to both a high density urban environment and a lower or working class population. However, due to the strong relationship between class and environment, the individual impacts of these factors could not be untangled. (Author/AM)

Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program in a maximum security prison were studied via cross-validation design. Meditation and control groups indicated reduction in anxiety, neuroticism, hostility, and insomnia as a function of the treatment. (Author)

In the future American society may move away from its present structure of work and then retirement toward a blending of work, leisure, and education throughout life. (JD)

It is concluded that research has failed to confirm the causal role of deindividuation in releasing antisocial behavior. Research strategies are suggested which will help more quickly to verify or disconfirm the existence and causal role of the construct. (Author)

Reactions of observers, classified as either high or low in self-disclosure flexibility, to high and low behavioral samples of self-disclosure to a stranger were examined. Results suggest self-disclosure flexibility reflects perceptual awareness of social-situational norms governing the appropriateness of self-disclosing behavior. (Author)

An interaction analysis observation instrument, with categories found in the definition of "executive competence" by Wenar and related to R. White's effectance motivation, was used to observe 37 toddlers with their mothers. (SB)

Focus is on kinds of women leaders that emerge, styles of leadership utilized by women in contrast to those utilized by men, and effects these kinds of leadership have on group behavior. Presented at the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., September 1976. (Author)