Growing out of a child's cognitive developmental history, formal operation becomes established at about the age of 12-15 years. The essence of the logic of cultured adults and the basis for elementary scientific thought are thereby provided. The rate at which a child progresses through the developmental succession may vary, especially from one…

Disadvantaged subjects obtained lower scores than advantaged. Differences were between socioeconomic groups, not between races. (MH)

The author provides an historical review of how he came to construct the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Concepts underlying the WAIS are related to prior work in psychometrics. (RD)

Evaluation theory building is described as depending on intellectual tradition and on thorough knowledge of the work that has been done recently in evaluation projects. (CTM)

Explores the nature and consequences of developmental change in speed of information processing. Summarizes evidence indicating that age differences in processing speed reflect a global mechanism that limits processing speed on most tasks. Describes evidence that suggests a role for processing speed on the development of intelligence. (Author/MKA)

Explores the important role of chance in career experiences and the fact that career counseling is still perceived as a process designed to eliminate chance from career decision making. Challenges career counselors to adopt a counseling intervention that views unplanned events as both inevitable and desirable. (Author/GCP)

This study compared Greeks with Chinese, from 8 to 14 years of age, on measures of processing efficiency, working memory, and reasoning. All processes were addressed through three domains of relations: verbal/propositional, quantitative, and visuo/spatial. Structural equations modelling and rating scale analysis showed that the architecture and…

In January, W. H. Brady Scholar Charles Murray stepped back from current education debates about reauthorization of the 2002 No Child Left Behind Act and education funding in the president's budget to ask more fundamental questions about the goals that should shape American education in the future. This "On the Issues" is adapted from…

This study compared the relationships of self-efficacy and reasoning ability to achievement in introductory college biology. Based on the hypothesis that developing formal and postformal reasoning ability is a primary factor influencing self-efficacy, a significant positive correlation was predicted between reasoning ability and degree of…

Written comments on student evaluations often seem idiosyncratic, lacking the power of numerical statistical data. These statements, however, may sometimes reveal intellectual challenges common to novice learners in our disciplines. Instructors can use these insights as part of a scholarly approach to teaching, making meaningful adjustments to…