Women and men characters on primetime TV were observed to determine the amount of distancing behavior enacted by them. Distancing behavior, which indicates discrimination, was demonstrated more frequently by men TV characters toward women than toward men. Women demonstrated equal behavior towards both sexes. Implications are discussed. (JS)

Outlines how students can use creative problem solving to define, analyze, and improve classroom discussion. Demonstrates the importance of a fact-finding discussion and taping to clarify individual and group characteristics. Identifies techniques students can employ to learn more about themselves and about more cooperative discussions. (KEH)

Reviews literature on effects of early maladjustment on later behavior problems. Discusses development as transactional process in which risk and resilience are central, a cumulative risk model of behavior problems as resulting from a variety of factors, and longitudinal research that focuses on externalizing behaviors. Concludes predictive power…

Findings of a study of 32 infants attending a neonatal intensive care unit follow-up clinic included mechanically ventilated infants were more irritable than nonventilated infants; infants from lower income families were fussier than infants from higher income families; 5-minute Apgar scores were more predictive of infants' success on a visual…

A qualitative research project with 71 successful adults with learning disabilities found that their individual achievements shared commonalities which can be taught and learned. A model of vocational success is presented which inculcates behaviors that facilitate adult adjustment. The model's focus is on student strengths rather than weaknesses.…

Data from three national databases were used to investigate the relationship between college student characteristics and college characteristics and patterns in loan repayment and default. Analysis suggested that repayment/default behavior can be predicted by precollege, college, and postcollege characteristics of individual borrowers but not by…

Reviews research examining the predictive aspects of childhood sex-typed behavior for sexual orientation. Prospective studies suggest that childhood cross-typed behavior is strongly predictive of adult homosexual orientation for men, whereas retrospective studies are useful in determining how many homosexual individuals displayed cross-sex…

Reviews federal definitions of sexual harassment and traces some court cases to show that sexual harassment encompasses verbal, visual, or mental harassment that can be overt or implied. Some actions employers might take to prevent and stop sexual harassment are suggested. (SLD)

This study documented suicidal behavior among 90 children and adolescents with mental retardation and psychiatric disorders in a psychiatric hospital. Suicidality was found in 21% of admissions and was distributed across gender, level of mental retardation, and psychiatric diagnosis. Results indicate that suicidality is an underrecognized but…

Assessment of eight preschool children with a history of prenatal cocaine exposure and eight peers without such history found no statistically significant differences between groups on multiple behavioral variables or language skills. Cocaine-exposed children did exhibit higher levels of passive behavior. (Author/JDD)

This study with 182 homosexually active adult men of Puerto Rican ancestry in New York City found that men who had been sexually abused by an older sexual partner before the age of 13 were significantly more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behavior without protection than other homosexually active men. (Author/DB)

Validities of the Harris-Lingoes subscales and MacAndrew scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in estimation of criterion measures were evaluated with 177 adolescent inpatients. Results were consistent with predictions that excitatory and inhibitory scales and subscales would be related to criteria of behavioral control…

Micropolitical perspectives address the processes through which individuals and groups in an organization acquire and exercise power to promote and protect their interests. This chapter synthesizes major findings on actor roles and relationships in select formal and informal areas, concentrating on profession-patron and principal-teacher…

Studied whether behavioral styles at age 3 are linked to personality traits at age 18 after identifying 5 temperament groups (undercontrolled, inhibited, confident, reserved, and well-adjusted). Results pointed to continuities across time. (DR)

Knowledge and attitudes about Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were compared for 167 public high school students, 166 incarcerated adolescents, and 151 emotionally disturbed adolescents. AIDS knowledge was moderately high for all, but misunderstandings about transmission and high-risk behaviors were noted. Teenagers with emotional…