The author spells out seven meanings of the phrase mental illness and elucidates some of the controversy which surrounds it in legal, political, therapeutic and moral circles. These seven are: (1) unusually low performance level; (2) powerlessness; (3) excessive and fruitless conflict with others; (4) immorality; (5) excessively deviant taste; (6)…

The papers, presented at the Sixth Curriculum Research Institute, represent an attempt to translate research findings in the behavioral sciences into educational practices with the hope of stimulating curriculum research and field study in school situations. Each of the papers included on this publication is directed toward examination of one of…

The study of teacher attitudes investigated the issues of identification and labeling of children as mentally retarded in relation to social class and out of school adaptation. Nine student profiles giving identical school performance and testing information but differing in information on social class and behavior outside school were the bases of…

This study examines quantification of the instructional process through the use of Markov chaining, and by considering the transition probabilities within a framework provided by the taxonomy used, attempts to obtain information about behavior sequences common to all lessons. (Author/DLG)

The Classroom Attitude Observation Schedule was developed and field tested for study of independent child behavior in the open classroom. Eight Head Start classrooms were used for field testing, six of which used the Tucson Early Education Model curriculum and two of which, for comparison, used local curricula. Procedures involved observing and…

This research studies the effects of censoring a communication, overriding the censor, and the attractiveness of the censor on the potential audience's attitude and desire to hear the communication. The subjects, 144 undergraduate psychology students, were told that a speech which they were to have heard had been censored by a positively,…

The "diffusion of responsibility" hypothesis as an explanation of helping behavior (or lack of same) is qualified by suggesting that the hypothesis applies only in non-interacting situations. It is hypothesized that interacting groups who are aware of a help-demanding situation actually focus the responsibility and, therefore, take action as a…

A transactional theory which views interpersonal behavior as being communicated simultaneously on 3 channels was tested. Forty dyadic groups were composed which ranged from compatibility to incompatibility through all possible combinations on the 3 channels. The groups tested the hypothesis that there would be a linear relationship between…

Seventeen sets of opposite sex twins, 13 to 14 months old, were observed in a playroom situation with their mothers. Attachment behaviors, toy preference, style of play, and activity level were recorded. Analysis of four attachment behaviors indicated that girls looked at, vocalized to, and maintained proximity with their mothers significantly…

In a replication and extension of work by Silberman (1969), differential teacher behavior toward different students was studied in relation to the attitudes teachers held toward those students. Using data on dyadic teacher-child interactions collected with the Brophy-Good system, contrasting patterns were noted in the ways teachers interacted with…

This empirical study, concerned with man-environment relationships in the home, identifies similarities and differences among family types; develops a body of normative, descriptive, baseline data about the home environments of a sample of lower middle class American families; and, gathers information regarding patterns of spatial behavior across…

THE PARTICULAR FOCUS OF THIS STUDY WAS UPON THE EXTENT TO WHICH VALUES AND ATTITUDES OF TEACHERS INFLUENCE THEIR EVALUATION AND RATINGS OF STUDENTS OF VARYING CLASSES AND ETHNIC ORIGINS. IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT TEACHERS WITH MIDDLE-CLASS BACKGROUNDS AND BIASES TEND TO EVALUATE MORE NEGATIVELY THOSE PUPILS IDENTIFIED AS BEING OF A LOW…

PROBLEM-SOLVING THEORIES IN THREE AREAS - TRADITIONAL (STIMULUS-RESPONSE) LEARNING, COGNITIVE-GESTALT APPROACHES, AND COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS - WERE SUMMARIZED. RECENT EMPIRICAL STUDIES (1960-65) ON PROBLEM SOLVING WERE CATEGORIZED ACCORDING TO TYPE OF BEHAVIOR ELICITED BY PARTICULAR PROBLEM-SOLVING TASKS. ANAGRAM,…

A COMPARATIVE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED OF PARENTS WHOSE SONS WERE SUCCESSFUL IN HIGH SCHOOL TO DETERMINE IF THE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS AMONG THE LOWER WORKING-CLASS PARENTS AND THE UPPER MIDDLE-CLASS PARENTS WERE SIMILAR. FAMILIES LIVING IN TWO MIDWESTERN CITIES WITH AT LEAST ONE SON IN GRADE 11 OR 12 SERVED AS THE POPULATION. "SUCCESS IN…

The investigations focused on two main subject areas. The first series of experiments explored the validity of verbal association based inferences as an attitude measure and predictor of behavior. When compared with paper-and-pencil methods, the association based attitude index (EDI) showed high positive correlation as a group measure and medium…