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Bierschenk, Bernhard; Bierschenk, Inger – 1986
This third of three articles on the ways in which people formulate their observations presents an analysis of the perspective or attitude dominating the discourse of an interview. The analysis is conducted according to a paradigm that views the speaker as the controller of discourse perspective. The relationships found in the analysis are…
Descriptors: Attitudes, Classification, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation
Hoekje, Barbara – 1984
A study investigating whether and how non-native speakers of English (NNS) make efforts to repair communication breakdowns with other NNS used data gathered from 59 verbal interactions by 26 students. The students were grouped by proficiency level (low, medium, and high) before the analysis of the interactions took place. Each instance of…
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), English (Second Language), Error Analysis (Language), Interpersonal Communication
Mestre, Jose P. – 1983
Research indicates that Hispanic technical students exhibit patterns of performance in problem solving tasks that are clearly distinct from those exhibited by Anglo students. This may be because problem solvers working problems in a nonnative language are in more danger of misinterpreting problems due to sentence construction, jargon, etc., than…
Descriptors: Bilingual Students, College Students, English (Second Language), Higher Education
Wrobleski, Diane – 1985
Three different ways of integrating writing and thinking into the classroom are using double-entry notebooks, literature logs, and process journals. In a double-entry notebook, the writer takes notes on the reading, collects direct quotations, makes observational notes, and writes fragments, lists, and images on the left side of the notebook. On…
Descriptors: English Instruction, Expository Writing, Language Processing, Literature Appreciation
Kline, Lloyd W. – 1985
Intended for those who want to know more about reading and how it is taught, but who will themselves probably not specialize in the teaching of reading, this book addresses such questions as (1) Why read? (2) What motivation does one have for reading? and (3) What does reading provide as a means of communication that cannot just as easily be…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Individual Development, Influences, Language Acquisition
Beebe, Mona J.; And Others – 1984
Research on text organization has demonstrated that reading is responsive to the number and complexity of idea units or propositions in a text, and that the capacity of children to recall information is responsive to the relative importance of the idea units. A study was undertaken to examine an extension of these propositions: namely, that…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Grade 4, Intermediate Grades, Language Processing
Vosniadou, Stella; And Others – 1983
To investigate young children's understanding of metaphorical language, 90 chidren from preschool to third grade were read stories ending with metaphorical sentences of varying degrees of difficulty--sentences representing more or less predictable story outcomes and differing in the complexity and explicitness of their figures of speech. After…
Descriptors: Child Development, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Developmental Stages
Ortony, Andrew; Radin, Dean I. – 1983
The product of researchers' efforts to develop a computer processor which distinguishes between relevant and irrelevant information in the database, Spreading Activation Processor for Information Encoded in Network Structures (SAPIENS) exhibits (1) context sensitivity, (2) efficiency, (3) decreasing activation over time, (4) summation of…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Computational Linguistics, Computer Programs
Elman, Jeffrey L.; McClelland, James L. – 1983
Research efforts to model speech perception in terms of a processing system in which knowledge and processing are distributed over large numbers of highly interactive--but computationally primative--elements are described in this report. After discussing the properties of speech that demand a parallel interactive processing system, the report…
Descriptors: Articulation (Speech), Auditory Perception, Cognitive Processes, Communication Research
Waller, Robert; Whalley, Peter – 1984
Given that comparative/contrastive arguments can be displayed separately in a text (one complete argument followed by another, or O-organization) or in an integrated way (with the various aspects interleaved, or A-organization), a study compared a third arrangement--a graphic format, or G-organization--that presented the two descriptions side by…
Descriptors: College Students, Design Preferences, Graphs, Higher Education
Bassano, Dominique; And Others – 1988
A study investigated how children report epistemic modality and focused on two main questions: (1) How do children reproduce modal devices that are present in the original (to-be-reported) discourse? and (2) How do children use different linguistic means of quotation--direct, indirect, or other--in this situation? Sixty monolingual French-speaking…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Language, Discourse Analysis, Epistemology
Flottum, Kjersti – 1987
A study compared text summaries produced by French high school students and those written by experts. The study's objective was to determine how language users distinguish the essential from the peripheral information, to describe the summarizing process, and to apply the macrostructure theory to the process of summarizing. The summarized texts…
Descriptors: Adults, Cohesion (Written Composition), Comparative Analysis, French
Echols, Catharine H. – 1988
Two studies examined children's perceptual biases in extracting or identifying words from the stream of speech. In one study, evidence for the salience of stressed and final syllables was found. Young children less frequently omitted those syllables from their productions and produced unstressed and nonfinal syllables less accurately. A second…
Descriptors: Child Language, Intonation, Language Acquisition, Language Processing
Adams, Cynthia – 1987
A study compared the way in which subjects belonging to four different age groups produced written recall and summary responses after being presented with a narrative story. A seventh-grade-level, 500-word story that contained 78 idea units was presented to two groups of adolescents (mean ages, 14.14 years and 17.55 years) and two groups of adults…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Adult Development, Adult Education, Adults
Chien, Yu-Chin; Wexler, Kenneth – 1987
Three experiments investigated the development in young children of two concepts: the antecedent possibilities for reflexives (e.g., himself or herself) and pronouns (e.g., him or her). In the first experiment, 156 English-speaking children aged 2;6 to 6;6 and 21 adults were tested for their understanding of antecedents within reflexive sentences,…
Descriptors: Adults, Child Language, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
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